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FINALS RESP > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

most common virus cold

A

rhinovirus

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2
Q

what is acute bronchitis

A

chest infection of trachea and major bronchi

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3
Q

symptoms acute bronchitis

A

cough +/- sputum // ocurs in winter // sore throat, rhinorrhea // wheeze // low fever

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4
Q

difference bronchitis vs pneumonia

A

pneumonia has focal lung signs + more severe symptoms

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5
Q

invx acute bronchitis

A

usually clinical +/- CRP

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6
Q

when is abx considered in acute bronchitis

A

v unwell // pre-existing comorbidity // CRP 20-100

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7
Q

abx for acute bronchitis

A

1 = doxycline 2 = amoxicillin

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8
Q

when is invasive aspergillosis seen

A

immunocompromised patients eg HIV, leukaemia, broad spec abx

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9
Q

what type of reaction is TB

A

type IV –> non-caseating granuloma

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10
Q

RF TB

A

prevelant area // exposure // HIV // immunocompromised eg diabetes, meds, malnourised, leukamia, lymphoma // silicosis // apical fibrosis

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11
Q

organism TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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12
Q

what is the ghon complex TB

A

primary infection –> macrophages –> apical lung lesion + lymph nodes

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13
Q

what normally happens to the inital lesion in primary TB

A

heals by fibrosis

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14
Q

what happens to the initial lesion in primary TB in immunocompromised

A

disseminated TB –> miliary

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15
Q

what is secondary TB

A

reactivated

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16
Q

RF secondary TB

A

immunsuppresed eg steroids // HIV // malnutrution

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17
Q

sites of secondary TB

A

lungs // CNS // vertebral (Potts) // renal // GI

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18
Q

what is latent TB

A

you have been infected but have no symptoms

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19
Q

what is mantoux test

A

screening for TB

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20
Q

how is mantoux test performed

Study These Flashcards
A

inject 0.1ml of purified protein derivative (tuberculin) intradermally // result 2-3 days later

21
Q

result + mx of mantoux test <6mm

Study These Flashcards
A

negative (no hypersensitivity) // give BCG

22
Q

result + mx of mantoux test 6mm-15mm

Study These Flashcards
A

hypersensitive, may have had previous infection // do not give BCG

23
Q

result + mx of mantoux test >15mm

Study These Flashcards
A

strongly positive - active TB infection

24
Q

what can cause false negative mantoux

Study These Flashcards
A

miliary TB // sarcoid // HIV // lymphoma // <6 months

25
imaging TB
CXR = upper love cavitation + bilateral hilar lymph
26
diagnosis TB
3 sputum smears --> acid fast bacili // sputum culture = gold standard // NAAT (fast diagnosis)
27
disadvantage sputum smear TB
not that sensitive // useless in HIV
28
disadvantage sputum culture TB
gold standard but takes 1-3 weeks
29
mx active TB
2 months RIPE --> 4 months RI
30
mx latent TB
3 months isoniazide (+ pyridoxine) + rifampicin // OR 6 months isoniazid (with pyridoxine)
31
mx meningeal TB
12 months + steroids
32
when is direct observated therapy for TB indicated
homeless // poor compliance // prisoners
33
what is immune reconstruction disease TB
enlarged lymph nodes 3-6 weeks after starting mx
34
SE rifampicin
P450 inducer // hepatits + orange secretions (+flu)
35
SE isoniazid
p450 inhibitor // peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine) // hepatitis
36
SE pyrazinamide
hyperuricaemia --> gout // arthalgia, myalgia // hepatitis
37
SE ethambutanol
optic neuritis
38
what is an aspergilloma
a mycetome (fungal mass) secondary to lung cavity eg TB, CF, cancer
39
symptoms aspergilloma
cough + haemoptysis
40
invx aspergilloma
CXR = round opacity + crescent sign // high aspergillis precipitins
41
who is eligible for BCG vaccine
0-12 months with high incidence TB, or parents and grandparents from high incidence countries // unvaccinated contacts of TB // healthcare, prison, homeless staff //
42
what type of vaccine is BCG
live attenuated (some protection against leprosy)
43
what needs to be done prior to BCG test
tuberculin (mantoux) skin test
44
contraindications BCG
previous vaccine // history TB // HIV // pregnant // positive tuberculin test // >35 years
45
what type of vaccine is influenza
live
46
age children get flu vaccine
intranasaly at 2-3 years // yearly
47
contraindications flu vaccine
immunocompromised // <2 years // febrile // wheeze or corzyal symptoms // egg allergy // taking aspirin
48
who gets flu vaccine
65+ // resp problems // CVD // CKD // liver disease // stroke or TIA // immunoC // splenic problems // pregnant // BMI >40

FINALS RESP (12 decks)

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