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Training Bulletins > TB 145 - Combustible Metals > Flashcards

TB 145 - Combustible Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the critical first steps to ensuring a safe and successful outcome of a combustible metals fire?

A

-Recognition
-Communication
-Teamwork
-Proper tactical adjustments

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2
Q

Fires involving combustible metals are designated as a class “____” fire.

A

Class D

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3
Q

_______ is a factor in determining ease of ignition, rate of burn, temperature generated, and the explosive potential of combustible metals

A

-Surface area

(Metal powders, dusts, turnings, chips, and other small pieces with greater surface area pose a much greater hazard than large unprocessed billets, ingots, and processed blocks.)

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4
Q

Metal fires burn at extreme temperatures ranging from ______ degrees F to ______ degrees F.

A

5000-9000 degrees F
(THREE times the temperatures of a typical structure fire)

(The extreme temperatures become a major factor when selecting an extinguishing agent since water (H2O) will DISSOCIATE when super heated.

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5
Q

Combustible metals can be divided into what two categories?

A
  1. Alkali Metals
  2. Alkali Earth Metals, Transitional Metals, Other metals
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6
Q

Alkali Metals

Although Alkali metals have many industrial uses, they are NOT commonly encountered.

Alkali metals (LITHIUM, SODIUM, and POTASSIUM) are WATER reactive under NON-FIRE conditions and should be placarded with the “_____” under the NFPA 704 system.

A

“W”

(These are stored immersed in mineral oil or kerosene (paraffin oil). Applying water is DANGEROUS.)

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7
Q

When burning, Alkali Earth Metals, Transitional Metals, and Other Metals can become extremely dangerous when in contact with water.

List examples of metal names for each category as stated in the training bulletin:

Alkali Earth Metals:?
Transitional Metals:?
Other Metals:?

A

-Alkali Earth metals: MAGNESIUM

-Transitional metals: TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM

-Other Metals: ALUMINUM

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8
Q

What on-scene (active incident) indicators will assist companies in identifying the presence of combustible metals?

A

• NFPA Placards
• Information from on-site employees
• Outside storage bins
• Dust collection and scrubber systems
• Information from MDC (BP8, Additional information from MFC, etc)
• Transportation placarding (DOT)
• Shipping manifests/waybills (for mobile property)
• NAERG (emergency response guide)
• Smoke indications (Unusual coloring)
• Fire behavior
• Violent reaction of fire to water

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9
Q

Titanium, magnesium, zirconium, and aluminum shall be indicated by an “_____” in the FOURTH space IF the quantities or form meet the LAFD criteria for placarding.

A

“M”

(occupancies that exceed 500 pounds of combustible metals or that process or store 500 pounds or less of combustible metals that are in the form of dusts, chips, powders, turnings, or ribbons).

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10
Q

704 Placarding for Combustible Metals

If multiple hazards exist, the symbols (no more than two) shall be stacked with the most severe hazard indicated on _____ and the combustible metal symbol “M” always positioned at the ______.

A

-Top (most severe)

-Bottom (“M”)

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11
Q

What are the unusual fire or smoke conditions that could indicate the presence of combustible metals?

A

-Flames burning with a ‘white hot’ appearance

-presence of flowing or molten metal

-WHITE colored smoke

-“explosions” when water applied

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12
Q

Combustible metals present significant hazards to Fire Personnel for the following reasons:

A

• High burning temperature

• Volatile reaction to water

• Debris from water reactions being thrown through the air

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13
Q

Members of the LAFD working within _____ feet of a burning metal product are considered to be working in an IDLH environment and shall be “FULLY ENCAPSULATED” and ON AIR.

A

30 ft

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14
Q

Extinguishment of combustible metal fires is accomplished through?

A
  1. Smothering with extinguishing agent
  2. If the fire is allowed to burn, an oxide crust develops over and smothers the burning material beneath.
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15
Q

Dry powder, under the brand name “______”, is the only approved product provided by the LAFD to extinguish combustible metal fires.

A

MET-L-X

(Supply and Maintenance maintains approximately 500 pounds of MET-L-X and has the ability to deliver it to the scene of the fire.)

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16
Q

Without an effective means of disbursing the product over a large area, the LAFD is only capable of using Met-L-X to control small fires in the INCIPIENT STAGE.

MET-L-X is applied manually through use of a SHOVEL or by disbursing the product directly from the storage BUCKET. A ____ inch layer of MET-L-X is required to effectively smother a fire.

A

1”

(Ten pounds of product is required for every one square foot of fire. The entire stock of MET-L-X maintained at Supply and Maintenance would only extinguish a FIFTY SQUARE FOOT FIRE.)

17
Q

Businesses utilizing combustible metals MAY have an approved Class “D” extinguisher on site.

If no extinguisher is available, what other on site options are available?

A

-DRY sand

-graphite powder

-DRY sodium

-G1-R

-Met-L-X powder

(“Purple K” is a dry chem and NOT an effective extinguishing agent for combustible metal fires.)

18
Q

“Copious amounts of water in a coarse stream” can be effective on certain types of combustible metals in SMALL QUANTITIES.

If a fire is burning beyond the _____ stage or is involving a large amount of product, copious amounts of water can be counter productive and can cause increased fire intensity and explosions.

A

incipient stage

19
Q

Once it is determined that we are dealing with a combustible metal fire, the best course of actions is to?

A

-Separate (If incipient and amount equivalent to a wastebasket)

-Isolate (protect exposures)

-Extinguish the fire (if safe to do so with an appropriate extinguishing agent)

20
Q

Once a member realizes that it is a combustible metal fire that we are attempting to extinguish, IMMEDIATELY DISCONTINUE the use of water and relay the information to MFC (if you are IC) and to incoming companies.

The Officer in charge of the fire attack team should CONSIDER an “__________” when relaying this information to the Incident Commander (IC) or to incoming companies.

A

Emergency Traffic

21
Q

Combustible metals can be found throughout the City in many forms:

A

• Ingots (large blocks or plates)

• Shavings

• Turnings

• Chips

• Powders

• Dusts

22
Q

If it is not safe to Separate, Isolate, or Extinguish the burning product, it may be necessary to sacrifice the building or portion of the building that contains the product.

Exposure protection must be accomplished in a manner that doesn’t allow?

A

runoff to come in contact with the burning combustible product.

23
Q

If the burning combustible metal is ISOLATED a safe distance from exposures, OR if the fire is burning in a container (dumpster, 55-gallon drum, etc) with NO EXPOSURES, the best course of action may be to?

A

-let the fire burn out.

(This may take 24 hours or longer. Use TIC to confirm)

24
Q

Fire in a SMALL amount of a combustible metal product should be handled by ___________.

A small amount of combustible metal product would be considered approximately the size of a WASTE BASKET

A

-Separation , Isolation , AND/OR Extinguishment (if safe to do so with an appropriate extinguishing agent)

25
Q

Several factors will affect the decision to work in the offensive or defensive mode:

A
  1. Safety of civilians and LAFD
  2. Amount and type of product burning
  3. Amount of time the product has been burning
  4. How the product is being stored
  5. Whether water has come in contact with the burning product
  6. Location of the fire
26
Q

Combustible metal fires that are considered “Large Fires”:

A
  1. Fires beyond the incipient stage with a large amount of product involved
  2. Building fires
  3. Rail cars
  4. Dumpsters/Roll offs
  5. 55-gallon drums
  6. Storage Bins
  7. Tractor-Trailers
27
Q

Combustible Metal Fires

FF operations will be PRIMARILY offensive or defensive?

A

primarily DEFENSIVE

(however, offensive actions such as moving a dumpster on wheels or using on-site equipment to move a 55-gallon drum away from an exposure may be possible)

28
Q

Many models of vehicles utilize combustible metals for various structural components:

A
  1. Engine blocks
  2. Body frames
  3. Steering columns
  4. Seat frames
  5. Wheels
29
Q

Due to combustible metals being present during auto fires, any member working within the _____ ft IDLH of any auto fire PRIOR to extinguishment OR before being determined to be safe by the IC shall be fully encapsulated and on air.

A

30 ft

30
Q

AUTO FIRES are one of the instances where copious amounts of water in a course stream can effectively extinguish the fire.

Firefighters should be aware that the fire may initially _____ with the application of water and may react violently.

A

intensify

31
Q

Businesses that utilize combustible metals are required to have a NFPA Placard with a “_____” in the special information category.

A

W

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