TB Flashcards
(16 cards)
Cause
Myobacterium tuberculosis
How does it spread
Person to person contact
Cough or speaking
Inhalation of the infected air particles
Can latent or inactive TB spread
No
Pathiophysiology?
- Inhaling M TB
- Bacterial enter the lungs
- T cells trigger inflammation respons
- granuloma form around the bacteria ( this happens in the alveoli)
What is latent TB.
- The bacteria is writhing the granuloma
- patient is asymptomatic
- not contagious
What is active TB
When the bacteria escapes the granuloma, multiples and spreads
What are cavitary lesions
Hellow spaces in the lungs due to tissue destruction - this increases risk of transmission ans it releases aerosolized drops
Visible of x ray
Risk factors
- hx of untreated or inadequately treated TB
- born in a high prevelance area
- under the age of 5
- co morbidities
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- homelessness
- Smoking, alcohol, drug users
- male
Which areas can be affected in extra pulmonary TB
Lymph nodes - very common
Bones and joints
Abdominal sites
CNS
What is military TB
When the bacteria escapes the granuloma and spreads through the blood stream, affecting organs mainly CNS.
Which tests are used for latent TB
Tuberculin skin test (ma roux test)
Or
IGRA - interferon gamma release assay
- not affected by prior BCG vaccine
Which test should always be preformed for active TB. Pulmonary or extra pulmonary
X ray
(After this, investigate affected site accordingly - eg. Bones - CT or MRI OR pericardium - ECHO)
Symptoms of active TB
Weight loss
Night sweats
Fever
Malaise (weakness, overall discomfort)
Pulmonary TB symptoms
Persistent productive cough
Breathlessness
Haemotysis
Extrapulmonary TB
Example abdominal = GI TB
———
Symptoms: headache vomiting, irrtability, confusion, cranial nerve
What type of extra pulmonary tb is this
Meningitis TB
Another one
Symptoms: breathlessness, chest pain, ankle swelling
Pericarditits
