TBI

Question 1

traumatic brain injury

Answer 1

external force traumatically injures the brain, causing damage

Question 2

cerebrovascular injury

Answer 2

blood vessels supplying the brain are damaged which leads to stroke & loss of oxygen/nutrients to the brain

Question 3

tumors

Answer 3

a mass of cells that grow independently of the rest of the body; form of brain damage if it’s in the brain

Question 4

anoxia

Answer 4

loss of oxygen, occurs during strokes or if an umbilical cord is wrapped around an infant

Question 5

toxins

Answer 5

neurotoxic substances in the brain interrupt functioning; ex: lead

Question 6

diseases

Answer 6

ex: encephalitis, brain gets inflamed ex: herpes, nerve damage

Question 7

seizures

Answer 7

brief episodes of abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain

Question 8

open head injury

Answer 8

ex: a missile wound which causes focal damage and diffuse damage
* Phineas Gage

Question 9

dorsolateral prefrontal lesion

Answer 9

will cause executive functioning problems, diminished judgement and planning, cognitive impersistence, motor programming deficits, diminished self-care [dysexecutive]

Question 10

orbitofrontal prefrontal lesion

Answer 10

will cause weird stimulus-driven behavior, diminished social insight, distractibility, excitability [disinhibited]

Question 11

mediofrontal prefrontal lesion

Answer 11

will cause diminished spontaneity, decreased verbal output and motor behavior, incontinence, and weakness and sensory loss in the extremities

Question 12

closed head injury

Answer 12

concussion (brain isn’t exposed or anything), head is hit and brain bounces within skull

Question 13

axonal shearing

Answer 13

caused by concussion, brain goes back and forth within skull and axons are stretched/compressed and can be torn which results in neuronal death

Question 14

parietal damage

Answer 14

issues with spatial awareness

Question 15

occipital damage

Answer 15

vision problems

Question 16

temporal damage

Answer 16

auditory and language difficulties

Question 17

limbic damage

Answer 17

emotions unregulated

Question 18

basal ganglia damage

Answer 18

memory problems and motor skill deficits

Question 19

hypothalamus damage

Answer 19

hormones are screwed up, body not regulated

Question 20

brainstem damage

Answer 20

basic functions cease and paralysis, most likely result is death

Question 21

coupe

Answer 21

initial damage in front of brain

Question 22

contracoupe

Answer 22

reverberating damage from whatever part of skull brain bounces against in the back