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Neuromus 2 > TBI intro > Flashcards

TBI intro Flashcards

1
Q

what is a traumatic brain injury

A

bolt, jolt, or a penetrating injury to the head that causes a disturbance in the brain

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2
Q

what is anoxic/hypoxic brain injury

A

inadequate or lack of oxygen supply to the brain

due to interruption or decrease in neural tissue blood supply

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3
Q

what is the leading causes of death and disability in children in the US

A

TBI

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4
Q

how does the clinical presentation of TBI change

A

the length of lack of blood supply

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5
Q

with anoxic BI do we suspect local or gobal impairments

A

global impairments

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6
Q

what are some causes of ABI

A

cardiac/respiratory distress
drug overdose
near -drowning
anaphylaxis
Cardon monoxide poisoning

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7
Q

what are the areas of the brain that are most effected by ABI

A

cerebellum

BG

cerebral cortex: partial and occipital lobes

hippo

thalamus

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8
Q

if you knock the cere out what happen to the indivduals

A

discoordination

the cere effects every motor plan and therefore it uses a lot of O2

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9
Q

if you knock out the BG what happens

A

myoclonus, poor inciation

this will effect motor output

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10
Q

what is myoclonus

A

quick jerking movement that you can’t control

EX: hiccups, sleep starts

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11
Q

cere - occipital lobe knocked out

A

visual disturbances

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12
Q

cere - parietal lobe knocked out

A

apraxia, poor body awareness, neglect

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13
Q

what is apraxia

A

is the loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform the

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14
Q

hippocampus knocked out

A

memory loss

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15
Q

thalamus knocked out

A

sensory and motor impairment, poor arousal

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16
Q

what is the MOI for TBI

A

rapid acc and dec

external force hitting the head or the head hitting an object

blast injury

penetrating object: knife, bullet, fireworks

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17
Q

what are examples of diffused TBI injury

A

concussion

diffused axonal injury

blast

abusive head shake/shaken baby syndrome

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18
Q

what is a diffused TBI injury

A

the brain does not have a specific area of injury

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19
Q

what is a focal TBI

A

there is a specific area in the brain that is damaged

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20
Q

example of focal TBI

A

penetrating

contusion

hemotoma

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21
Q

what is a hematoma

A

a collection of blood on the brain

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22
Q

what are the different types of hemotomas

A

epidural

subarachnoid

subdural

interventricular

intercerebellar

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23
Q

how to we get a CT scan

A

it is a stacked x-ray

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24
Q

what is a contusion

A

bruise or bleeding on the brain

due an object hitting the head or the head hitting an object

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25
Q

what contusions are the CN impacted

A

they may be depending on where the injury is

common: optic, vestibulocochlear, abducens, and facial

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26
Q

what is a coup injury

A

moving object hitting a stationary head

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27
Q

what is a coutercoup injury

A

this injury occur after the initial impact

the brain bounces in the opposite direction of the of the hitting skull

this results in a contusion opposite to the actual site of impact

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28
Q

what is a penetrating injury

A

when a object enter the cranium and injuries the brain

high: bullet, shell fragments

low: knife, sharp object

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29
Q

what has a poorer prognosis penetrating injury or closed head trauma

A

penetrating injury

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30
Q

when do penetrating injuries have a higher mortality rate

A

when it crosses midline or it hits a ventricle

31
Q

what is a hemotoma

A

a collection of blood on the brain

32
Q

what is a epidural hemotoma

A

blood accumalation between the skull and the brain dura

33
Q

what is a epidural hemo caused by

A

blunt or shearing injuries with an associated skull fracture

requires urgent surgical evacuation

34
Q

what is a subdural hemo caused but

A

blunt or shearing injury that causes bridging veins to be torn and bleed into the space

35
Q

what is a subdural hemo

A

accumulation of blood under the dura mater

36
Q

where is subarachnoid hemo

A

between the arachnoid and the pia mater

37
Q

where is a intraparenchymal injury

A

this is bleeding in the brain tissues

38
Q

where is a inter-ventricular injury

A

accumulation of blood in the ventricles

39
Q

how are focal injuries named

A

they are named based on where they occur

40
Q

is a diffused axonal injury diffused or focal injury

A

diffused

41
Q

what is a diffused axonal injury

A

shearing of the white matter tracts of the brain

leads to microscopic and gross damage to the axon at the juction of white and grey matter

42
Q

what causes a diffused axonal injury

A

acc and dec motion

43
Q

what is the white matter of the brain

A

deep subcortical tissues

myelinated axons

44
Q

why are white axon more likely to be ripped

A

white and grey matter are different weights and therefore experience different acc, dec, and rot during rapid head movement/impact

45
Q

what type white matter is most likely going to impact in a diffused axonal injury

A

corpus callosum

brain stem

46
Q

when does a blast injury occur

A

when a solid of liquid explosive material explodes into gas

causes stress and shearing injuries

47
Q

what are 2ndary injuries to TBI

A

increased ICP

cerebral hypoxia

electrolyte imbalance

infection

seizure

48
Q

how is cere hypoxia a 2nd injury to TBI

A

blood vessels are ruptured or compressed resulting in a lack of blood

lack of oxy in the brain due to an airway obstruction

49
Q

how is electrolyte imbalance a 2nd injury to TBI

A

due to IV resuscitation, diuretic use, an massive blood loss

50
Q

how does the clincial presentation of TBI change

A

depends on the areas involved and the severity if the injury

51
Q

what are some things we can do for increase CP

A

ventricular shunt

EVD/LD

brain flap

52
Q

doe ABI or TBI have better outcomes

A

ABI has a longer length of stay

TBI is more likely to be discharged home

overall functional improvement was shown to be better for TBI

no sig difference in cog scores

53
Q

what is the leading contributer to DVT

A

immobility

early immobilization can help to prevent this

54
Q

when is the peak presentation of DVT after TBI

A

2-7 days

55
Q

medical management of hydrocephalus

A

BP management

medications

inter-ventricular drains

surgery

56
Q

what is heterotrophic ossifications

A

presence of bone in soft tissues where it does not exist

  • burr hole or crainoectomy
57
Q

sleep/wake disturbance

A

often seen with TBI

daytime sleepiness, increased sleep need, insomnia, sleep fragmentation

58
Q

pressure injuries interventions

A

early mobilization, proper positioning , and turning schedule

59
Q

what will happen if someone is a aspiration risk

A

they will be put on a NPO diet from SLP

things in the lungs that are not supposed to be there

60
Q

what does the GCS measure for

A

impaired cognition

61
Q

how many points is the GCS out of

A

15

62
Q

what is post traumatic amnesia

A

the time between injury and when the pt memory is restored

inability to form day to day memories

disoriented to time, place, and person

63
Q

GCS mild score

A

13-15

64
Q

GCS mild LOC

A

<30 min

65
Q

GCS mild PTA

A

0-1 days

66
Q

GCS moderate score

A

9-12

67
Q

GCS moderate LOC

A

30 min - 24 hrs

68
Q

GCS moderate PTA

A

> 1 - 7 days

69
Q

GCS severe score

A

3-8

70
Q

GCS severe LOC

A

> 24

71
Q

GCS severe PTA

A

> 7 days

72
Q

what is the rancho los amigo scale

A

scale used to describe cog and behavior patterns

73
Q

what is the difference between a contusion and a hemotoma

A

contusion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that causes bruising of the brain tissue;

a hematoma is heavy bleeding into or around the brain

Neuromus 2 (17 decks)

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