TBL 7 (Module IV) Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

What are the two components of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting portion and respiratory portion

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2
Q

What structures are included in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole

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3
Q

What structures are included in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli

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4
Q

What histologic tissue type comprises most of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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5
Q

What cells are the mucin-producing cells of the ciliated pseudostratified layer?

A

Goblet cells

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6
Q

What histologic structural change differentiates brush cells from the rest of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Brush cells have microvilli instead of cilia

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7
Q

Name 2 important properties of brush cells

A

Possess afferent nerve ending on basal surfaces and chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells

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8
Q

Where are basal cells found?

A

On basement membrane (do not extend to lumen)

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9
Q

What cells function as stem cells of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

A

Basal cells

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10
Q

What are 3 distinguishing features of olfactory epithelium?

A

No goblet cells, nerve bundles and Bowman’s glands in the the lamina propria

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11
Q

What purpose do nasal conchae serve?

A

Increase turbulence (contact between air and mucosa) within the nasal cavity

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12
Q

What are swell bodies?

A

Complex vasculature just deep to epithelium in nasal cavity

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13
Q

What region of the respiratory system has the most amount of gland in/under the lamina propria?

A

Trachea (sero-mucous glands)

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14
Q

What histologic tissue type is lamina propria?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

What histologic tissue type is tracheal adventitia?

A

Loose connective tissue

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16
Q

What type of tissue in the respiratory system is associated with C-shaped rings?

17
Q

What type of cells replace goblet cells in bronchioles?

A

Club cells (also called Clara cells)

18
Q

Absence of what 2 tissues/structures differentiates a bronchiole from other respiratory system tissue (i.e. a bronchi)?

A

Bronchioles have no cartilage and no glands

19
Q

In what part of the respiratory system does the lamina propria contain much more smooth muscle, comparatively?

20
Q

Name 4 functions of club cells

A

Divide and replace type I and II pneumocytes; secrete surfactant components (lipoproteins and mucins); stimulate immune response via cytokines; detoxify noxious substances

21
Q

Name the 3 components of alveolar air spaces

A

surface epithelium, fiber-elastic interstitial and pulmonary capillaries

22
Q

What cell type in alveolar epithelium is designed to function as a thin barrier for gas exchange?

A

Type I pneumocytes

23
Q

What cell type in alveolar epithelium contains lamellar bodies (where newly synthesized surfactant is located)?

A

Type II pneumocytes

24
Q

What is another name for macrophages in the respiratory system?

25
Where can macrophages be found in the lungs?
Within the alveolar spaces, or in the inter alveolar septum
26
What are hemosiderin-laden macrophages (in the lungs) indicative of?
Heart failure
27
What are "heart failure cells"
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lungs
28
What are some conditions that may potentiate PE formation?
Sedentary routine, post-operative, hyper coagulable state (e.g. pregnancy, obesity)
29
What is meant by the term lung "hilus"
Combination of airway, artery and vein
30
What histologic characteristic differentiates a thrombus from an embolus?
Lines of Zahn
31
What disease is associated with "consolidation" of lung tissue?
Bacterial infection of lung parenchyma
32
What disease is associated with a "Gohn complex" in the lungs?
Primary TB infection (complex refers to lymph node + calcification)
33
What disease is associated with "cavitation" usually in the apex of the lung
Secondary TB
34
Epitheliod cells appear in what type of tissue?
Granuloma
35
What disease is associated with "squamous pearls"?
Squamous cell carcinoma
36
What two cancers are most commonly associated with metastatic disease of the lungs?
Esophageal carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma
37
What are some risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma?
Infection with HPV, asbestos, radiation, smoking, alcohol