TBL 7 (Module IV) Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the two components of the respiratory system?
Conducting portion and respiratory portion
What structures are included in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole
What structures are included in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli
What histologic tissue type comprises most of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What cells are the mucin-producing cells of the ciliated pseudostratified layer?
Goblet cells
What histologic structural change differentiates brush cells from the rest of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium?
Brush cells have microvilli instead of cilia
Name 2 important properties of brush cells
Possess afferent nerve ending on basal surfaces and chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells
Where are basal cells found?
On basement membrane (do not extend to lumen)
What cells function as stem cells of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?
Basal cells
What are 3 distinguishing features of olfactory epithelium?
No goblet cells, nerve bundles and Bowman’s glands in the the lamina propria
What purpose do nasal conchae serve?
Increase turbulence (contact between air and mucosa) within the nasal cavity
What are swell bodies?
Complex vasculature just deep to epithelium in nasal cavity
What region of the respiratory system has the most amount of gland in/under the lamina propria?
Trachea (sero-mucous glands)
What histologic tissue type is lamina propria?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What histologic tissue type is tracheal adventitia?
Loose connective tissue
What type of tissue in the respiratory system is associated with C-shaped rings?
Trachea
What type of cells replace goblet cells in bronchioles?
Club cells (also called Clara cells)
Absence of what 2 tissues/structures differentiates a bronchiole from other respiratory system tissue (i.e. a bronchi)?
Bronchioles have no cartilage and no glands
In what part of the respiratory system does the lamina propria contain much more smooth muscle, comparatively?
Bronchioles
Name 4 functions of club cells
Divide and replace type I and II pneumocytes; secrete surfactant components (lipoproteins and mucins); stimulate immune response via cytokines; detoxify noxious substances
Name the 3 components of alveolar air spaces
surface epithelium, fiber-elastic interstitial and pulmonary capillaries
What cell type in alveolar epithelium is designed to function as a thin barrier for gas exchange?
Type I pneumocytes
What cell type in alveolar epithelium contains lamellar bodies (where newly synthesized surfactant is located)?
Type II pneumocytes
What is another name for macrophages in the respiratory system?
Dust cells