TBL 7 (Module IV)

Question 1

What are the two components of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Conducting portion and respiratory portion

Question 2

What structures are included in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole

Question 3

What structures are included in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli

Question 4

What histologic tissue type comprises most of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 5

What cells are the mucin-producing cells of the ciliated pseudostratified layer?

Answer 5

Goblet cells

Question 6

What histologic structural change differentiates brush cells from the rest of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 6

Brush cells have microvilli instead of cilia

Question 7

Name 2 important properties of brush cells

Answer 7

Possess afferent nerve ending on basal surfaces and chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells

Question 8

Where are basal cells found?

Answer 8

On basement membrane (do not extend to lumen)

Question 9

What cells function as stem cells of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 9

Basal cells

Question 10

What are 3 distinguishing features of olfactory epithelium?

Answer 10

No goblet cells, nerve bundles and Bowman’s glands in the the lamina propria

Question 11

What purpose do nasal conchae serve?

Answer 11

Increase turbulence (contact between air and mucosa) within the nasal cavity

Question 12

What are swell bodies?

Answer 12

Complex vasculature just deep to epithelium in nasal cavity

Question 13

What region of the respiratory system has the most amount of gland in/under the lamina propria?

Answer 13

Trachea (sero-mucous glands)

Question 14

What histologic tissue type is lamina propria?

Answer 14

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 15

What histologic tissue type is tracheal adventitia?

Answer 15

Loose connective tissue

Question 16

What type of tissue in the respiratory system is associated with C-shaped rings?

Answer 16

Trachea

Question 17

What type of cells replace goblet cells in bronchioles?

Answer 17

Club cells (also called Clara cells)

Question 18

Absence of what 2 tissues/structures differentiates a bronchiole from other respiratory system tissue (i.e. a bronchi)?

Answer 18

Bronchioles have no cartilage and no glands

Question 19

In what part of the respiratory system does the lamina propria contain much more smooth muscle, comparatively?

Answer 19

Bronchioles

Question 20

Name 4 functions of club cells

Answer 20

Divide and replace type I and II pneumocytes; secrete surfactant components (lipoproteins and mucins); stimulate immune response via cytokines; detoxify noxious substances

Question 21

Name the 3 components of alveolar air spaces

Answer 21

surface epithelium, fiber-elastic interstitial and pulmonary capillaries

Question 22

What cell type in alveolar epithelium is designed to function as a thin barrier for gas exchange?

Answer 22

Type I pneumocytes

Question 23

What cell type in alveolar epithelium contains lamellar bodies (where newly synthesized surfactant is located)?

Answer 23

Type II pneumocytes

Question 24

What is another name for macrophages in the respiratory system?

Answer 24

Dust cells

Question 25

Where can macrophages be found in the lungs?

Answer 25

Within the alveolar spaces, or in the inter alveolar septum

Question 26

What are hemosiderin-laden macrophages (in the lungs) indicative of?

Answer 26

Heart failure

Question 27

What are "heart failure cells"

Answer 27

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lungs

Question 28

What are some conditions that may potentiate PE formation?

Answer 28

Sedentary routine, post-operative, hyper coagulable state (e.g. pregnancy, obesity)

Question 29

What is meant by the term lung "hilus"

Answer 29

Combination of airway, artery and vein

Question 30

What histologic characteristic differentiates a thrombus from an embolus?

Answer 30

Lines of Zahn

Question 31

What disease is associated with "consolidation" of lung tissue?

Answer 31

Bacterial infection of lung parenchyma

Question 32

What disease is associated with a "Gohn complex" in the lungs?

Answer 32

Primary TB infection (complex refers to lymph node + calcification)

Question 33

What disease is associated with "cavitation" usually in the apex of the lung

Answer 33

Secondary TB

Question 34

Epitheliod cells appear in what type of tissue?

Answer 34

Granuloma

Question 35

What disease is associated with "squamous pearls"?

Answer 35

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 36

What two cancers are most commonly associated with metastatic disease of the lungs?

Answer 36

Esophageal carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma

Question 37

What are some risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma?

Answer 37

Infection with HPV, asbestos, radiation, smoking, alcohol