TCA cycle and ETC Flashcards
what is the goal of the ETC?
to use NADH and FADH2 (produced in TCA cycle) to concentrate protons in the intermembrane space and use that gradient to produce energy
how is energy produced to use in the ETC?
from oxidizing NADH into NAD+
what happens to electrons in the ETC?
they pass sequentially through the groups (gradually losing energy) until they are transferred to oxygen to make water
what are prosthetic groups?
large non-protein molecules that are electron carriers
what does complex I in the ETC do?
receives two electrons from NADH and passed them to CoQ, energy taken is used to pump four protons over
what is CoQ
coenzyme Q - lipid like carrier
what does complex II in the ETC do?
receives two electrons directly from succinate passing them (doesn’t pump protons)
what does complex III in the ETC do?
receives two electrons from CoQ and passes them to cytochrome C - energy taken pumps four protons
what is cytochrome C?
small protein that serves as a carrier of electrons
has a heme cofactor (the electron carrier)
moves electrons from complex III to IV
what does complex IV in the ETC do?
receives two electrons from cytochrome C and passes them oxygen (to make water) - energy taken is used to pump two protons
why do electrons move in a single direction in the ETC?
the redox centers are organized from low to high affinity
how do the protons move through complex I?
there are structural changes to move them through translocation half-channels
what is the power source for ATP synthase?
the difference in concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
