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CH531—Biochemistry > TCA & ETC > Flashcards

TCA & ETC Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

pyruvate enters mitochondria through ——-, then into matrix throug ——–

A

porins
mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)

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2
Q

byproducts of transition reaction

A

CO2 and NADH

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3
Q

transition reaction occurs via….

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH)

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4
Q

3 parts of PDH and cofactors they work with

A

E1 - TPP
E2 - CoA and lipoate
E2 - FAD and NAD+

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5
Q

NAD+ cofactor structure and chemistry

A
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6
Q

FAD cofactor structure and chemistry

A
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7
Q

CoA structure and chemistry

A
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8
Q

TPP cofactor structure and chemistry

A
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9
Q

Lipoate cofactor structure and chemistry

A
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10
Q

uses swinging arm mechanism between enzyme complexes in transition rxn

A

lipoic acid (E2)

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11
Q

substrate channeling

A

transfer of intermediates from one enzyme to another without release into solution

used in transition reaction

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12
Q

reaction types in TCA (5)

A

condensation
dehydration
oxidative decarboxylation
SL phosphorylation
hydration

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13
Q

step 7 is highly stereospecific, requiring…

A

trans fumarate
L-malate

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14
Q

ATPs per NADH and FADH2

A

2.5 per NADH
1.5 per FADH2

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15
Q

regulation of citrate synthase

A

citrate and ATP

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16
Q

regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

NADH and ATP

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17
Q

regulation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A

succinyl CoA and NADH

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18
Q

3 enzymes of TCA regulated

A

citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

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19
Q

fatty acids enter TCA through…

A

transition reaction

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20
Q

alanine, glycine, threonine, cysteine, serine, and tryptophan enter TCA through…

21
Q

isoleucine enters TCA through…

22
Q

leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan enter TCA through

Study These Flashcards
A

acetoacetate to Acetyl CoA

23
Q

arginine, proline, histidine, and glutamine enter TCA through

Study These Flashcards
A

glutamate to a-ketoglutarate

24
Q

isoleucine, valine, methionine and threonine enter TCA through

25
tyrosine and phenylalanine enter TCA through
fumarate
26
asparagine and aspartate enter TCA through
oxaloacetate
27
how are pyrimidines made from TCA?
oxaloacetate to asparagine/aspartate to pyrimidines
28
how are fatty acids and sterols made from TCA?
from citrate
29
how are purines made from TCA?
a-ketoglutarate to glutamate
30
how are heme and porphyrins made from TCA?
from succinyl CoA
31
delta G of ETC
30.6 kJ/mol
32
in ETC, protons are pumped from ----- to ------
from matrix (N) to intermembrane space (P)
33
COMPLEX I - nucleotide - Fe-S clusters - two portions - electron carrier - protons pumped
- flavin mononucleotide (FMN) - 8 clusters - membrane arm and peripheral arm - NADH - 4 protons pumped
34
NADH passes ---- e- to FMN, which are passed.... eventually end up.... and transferred to....
2e- to FMN passed through Fe-S clusters end up on coenzyme Q QH2 travels to complex III
35
COMPLEX II - synonymous with... - Fe-S clusters - prosthetic group - electron carrier - reaction - protons pumped
- synonymous with succinate dehydrogenase - 3 clusters - heme prosthetic group - FADH2 - succinate oxidized to fumarate - 0 protons pumped
36
FADH2 passes e- to.... which travels to...
Q travels to complex III
37
COMPLEX III - Fe-S clusters - cytochromes - protons pumped
- 1 cluster - cyt b, cyt c, cyt c1 - 4 protons pumped
38
QH2 binds to --------, and transfers 1 e- to----- and 1 e- to -------- they then move to ....
complex III 1 e- to Fe-S, and the other to cyt b e- from Fe-S goes to cyt c1, then to cyt c e- from cyt b enters Q-cycle cyt c moves to complex IV
39
Q cycle occurs because...
there is only 1 Fe-S cluster on complex III, but there are 2 electrons to be dropped off, so for every QH2 that drops off electrons the process has to happen twice
40
COMPLEX IV - Fe-S clusters - cytochromes - ions present - protons pumped
- 0 clusters - cyt a and cyt a3 - copper ions present - 2 protons pumped
41
cyt c transfers e- to..... then they are transferred to.... then to...
cyt a copper cyt a3 to O2, forming water
42
force that turns ATP synthase
proton motive force
43
subunits of ATP synthase
F0 and F1
44
ATP synthase rev/sec
300
45
function of malate-aspartate shuttle
allows NADH generated in glycolysis to enter mitochondria
46
function of glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle location downside
same function as malate-aspartate used in brain, muscle, brown adipose loses 1 ATP/molecule glucose
47
inhibitors/uncouplers of ETC examples function
2-4-dinitrophenol valinomycin bring H+ back into matrix, decreasing efficiency
48
malate-aspartate shuttle
49
glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle

CH531—Biochemistry (11 decks)

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