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CompTIA Network+ > TCP/IP Basics > Flashcards

TCP/IP Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

protocols

A

set of rules upon which software is developed

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2
Q

protocol suite

A

aggregation of protocols

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3
Q

protocol stack

A

software installed on a system that enables a specific protocol suite to function

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4
Q

IPv4

A

internet protocol version 4

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5
Q

IPv6

A

internet protocol version 6

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6
Q

ICMP

A

internet control message protocol

“is there a computer out there with the address of”

called automatically by apps for the most part

used by ping utility

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7
Q

RTT

A

round trip time (real transfer time)

time of response for a ping query

times out if connection is not available

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8
Q

destination & source addresses are part of the [blank]

A

TCP/IP Internet layer

OSI network layer

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9
Q

connection-oriented

A

ensure data arrives in good order (TCP)

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10
Q

connectionless

A

data arrival condition not important (UDP)

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11
Q

TCP handling of data

A

breaks data into segments

gives segments sequence number

verifies all segments were received

missing segments resent

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12
Q

port numbers

A

used by systems to determine which application needs to receive the data

1 - 65,535

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13
Q

HTTP port number

A

TCP 80

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14
Q

POP3 port number

A

TCP 110

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15
Q

flags

A

individual bits that give both sides detailed information about the state of the connection

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16
Q

checksum

A

checks TCP header for errors

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17
Q

UDP summary

A

packets do not contain extra confirmation components

lots of data needs to be delivered

integrity of data is not critical

systems are close - chance of problem minimal

VoIP - UDP much faster than TCP

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18
Q

2 network protocols that use UDP

A

DNS

DHCP

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19
Q

UDP datagrams get chopped into segments [T/F]

A

false

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20
Q

IP addressing in LANs

A

MAC broadcast traffic would not work in larger networks

IP addressing overcomes this hurdle

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21
Q

composition of IPv4 address

A

32-bit value

broken into 4 groups of 8 - separated by period

each group converted into decimal number between 0 & 255

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22
Q

naming standard used by IP addresses

A

dotted decimal notation

dotted octet numbering system

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23
Q

commands to display IP address

A

ipconfig /all - Windows

ifconfig - UNIX / Linux / OS X

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24
Q

network ID

A

shared numbers of IP addresses that identify a network

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25
network ID & host ID of the following address: 202.120.10.5
network ID = 202.120.10 host ID = 5
26
why no computer can have an IP address ending in 0
reserved for the network ID
27
in order to interconnect LANs [blank] is required
router with IP address on the LAN it serves
28
default gateway
router interface usually "1" on LAN side
29
routing table
instructions that tell the router what to do with incoming packets & where to send them
30
subnet mask
provides the ability to determine if the target computer is on the same network
31
0 translates to
00000000
32
255 translates to
11111111
33
ARP
address resolution protocol how TCP/IP network determines the MAC address based on the destination IP address
34
method of monitoring devices connected to LAN
examine MAC addresses - look for any that are unfamiliar
35
exam term MAC address lookup table
source address table (SAT) Cisco calls SATs MAC address tables
36
RARP
reverse address resolution protocol long dead - reverse of ARP may be incorrect answer
37
show current ARP table in Windows
cmd "arp -a"
38
delete entry in Windows ARP table
cmd "arp -d [IP address]"
39
subnet shorthand
/ [number of 1's in subnet mask]
40
IANA
internet assigned numbers authority tracks and disperses IP addresses on the Internet
41
RIR
regional internet registry subgroups of IANA distribute IP addresses to ISPs & major corporations
42
ARIN
american registry for internet numbers RIR that covers north america
43
network blocks (blocks)
IANA passes out IP addresses in continuous chunks
44
class A
1st decimal value = 1 - 126 Addresses = 1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255 Hosts per Network ID = 16,277,214
45
class B
1st decimal value = 128 - 191 Addresses = 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 Hosts per Network ID = 65,534
46
class C
1st decimal value = 192 - 233 Addresses = 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 Hosts per Network ID = 254
47
class D
1st decimal value = 224 - 239 Addresses = 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Hosts per Network ID = multicast
48
class E
1st decimal value = 240 - 254 Address = 240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.255 Hosts per Network ID = experimental
49
classful
describes traditional class blocks
50
ICANN
international corporation for assigned names & numbers manages IANA
51
broadcast
every computer on the LAN hears a message
52
unicast
1 computer sends a message directly to another
53
multicast
single computer sends a packet to a group of interested computers often used when routers comunicate i.e. streaming video conference
54
experimental addresses
addresses that are reserved & only used for occasional experimental reasons
55
determine class by 1st binary octet
``` A = 0 B = 10 C = 110 D = 1110 E = 1111 ```
56
CIDR
classless inter-domain routing dividing up a class of IP addresses into smaller groups done by ISP before distributing IP addresses
57
benefits to subnetting
more efficient use of IP addresses separation of networks for security management of bandwidth utilization
58
determine number of available hosts
2^x x = number of zeroes in subnet mask (binary) always 32 digits in subnet - subtract the "/x" value from 32 to find the number of 0's
59
calculating subnet masks
extend subnet extension until the necessary number of subnets have been created
60
moving subnet extension by 1 digit
results in a possible value of 1 or 0 produces 2 subnets often create more subnets than needed
61
manual binary conversion to dotted decimal
128 - divide in half until you get to 1 place binary value under corresponding 8 digits calculate sum of all values aligned with a 1 result is the dotted decimal value
62
manual dotted decimal to binary conversion
128 - divide in half until you get to 1 place decimal value over 128 decimal greater than number it is over - subtract and add a 1 below that number less than - place 0 under number and move to next value
63
static address assignment
manually enter all IP information
64
dynamic address assignment
server program automatically passes out all IP information to systems as they boot up or connect to the a network
65
entering static IP information
Windows - IPv4 properties menu OS X - Network Utility (System Preferences) UNIX/Linux - Network Configuration or "ifconfig"
66
DCHP
dynamic host configuration protocol automatically assigns IP address whenever a computer connects to the network
67
BOOTP
bootstrap protocol former name for DCHP
68
DCHP port numbers
UDP 67 - DHCP servers UDP 68 - DHCP clients
69
DCHP client
computer configured to use DHCP
70
DHCP process
client boots up - automatically sends out a DHCP discover packet via the broadcast address DHCP server responds with DHCP offer DHCP client sends out DHCP request (accepting offer) DHCP server sends DHCP acknowledgement & lists the MAC address & IP information given to DHCP client in a database
71
DHCP scope
pool of IP addresses from which the DHCP server is configured to distribute IP addresses from
72
information passed out by DHCP server
"options" default gateway, DNS server, network time server, etc.
73
DHCP reservations
DCHP configured to reserve IP addresses for specific machines better to use static addressing in case DHCP server goes down
74
DCHP lease
fixed amount of time in which a client is assigned DHCP information usually 5 - 8 days near end of lease - client makes another discover message unless another client has taken lease - server always hands out the same information
75
DHCP issues
client fails to get a DHCP address gets IP address in the 169.254.0.0/16 network ID
76
zero-configuration networking (zeroconfig)
method of generating special 199.254.0.0/16 IP address
77
APIPA
automatic private IP addressing Microsoft's implementation of zeroconf clients are designed to generate APIPA address automatically if they don't receive response to DHCP discover message
78
APIPA limitation
cannot issue default gateway will not be able to connect to the Internet
79
computer can't connect to the internet
look for APIPA - DHCP problem renew DHCP lease
80
manually renew DHCP lease
Windows - "ipconfig /release" + "ipconfig /renew" Linux/OS X - "sudo ifconfig eth0 down' + "sudo ifconfig etho0 up"
81
loopback address
127.0.0.1 tells device to send packets to itself
82
private IP addresses
10. 0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (1 Class A network block) 172. 16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (16 Class B network blocks) 192. 168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (256 Class C network blocks) * All other IP addresses are private*

CompTIA Network+ (9 decks)

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