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CompTIA Network+ > Network Models > Flashcards

Network Models Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

ISO

A

International Organization of Standardization

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2
Q

OSI

A

Open Systems Interconnection

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3
Q

importance of models in networking

A

provides standardization across networks of different manufacturers

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4
Q

OSI 7 layer model encourages [blank]

A

modular design

limited integration between layers

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5
Q

layers of OSI 7-layer model

A

1) Physical
2) Data Link
3) Network
4) Transport
5) Session
6) Presentation
7) Application

PDNTSPA: Please Do Not Think Saruman Proved Allegiance

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6
Q

OSI layer 1

A

anything that moves data between machines

copper cabling, fiber-optics, radio waves, etc.

central box, NIC, hub

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7
Q

UTP

A

unshielded twisted pair

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8
Q

number of wires in UTP cable

A

8 wires - 4 pairs

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9
Q

type of wire in UTP cable

A

copper

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10
Q

central box

A

device that handles flow of information from every computer to each other computer

each system on network has its own cable running to central box

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11
Q

NIC

A

Network Interface Card

interface between PC (device) & network

contains host firmware & MAC address

creates / sends & reads / receives frames

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12
Q

MAC address

A

media access control address

48-bit value

never shared

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13
Q

OUI

A

organizationally unique identifier

1st 6 digits (24 bits) of MAC address

NIC manufacturer number

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14
Q

device ID

A

last 6 digits (24 bits) of MAC address

serial number for NIC

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15
Q

Windows command to view MAC address

A

ipconfig /all

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16
Q

other names for MAC address

A

MAC-48 & EUI-48 > IEEE

physical address

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17
Q

IEEE

A

Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers

defines industry-wide standards that promote the use & implementation of technology

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18
Q

order of generic frame

A

recipient’s MAC address

sender’s MAC address

Type

Data

FCS

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19
Q

binary electrical transmission

A

1 - charge on the wire

0 - no charge on the wire

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20
Q

frame

A

container for discrete amount of data moving across a network

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21
Q

frame type

A

specific network technology of the frame

all NICs on network must use the same frame type

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22
Q

FCS

A

frame check sequence

uses cyclic redundancy check (CRC) - binary math - to verify data arrived intact

sending system generates key used by receiving system

most only 4 bytes long > check up to 1500 bytes

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23
Q

MAC addressing

A

use of MAC addresses to get frames to the recipient

usually not configured - Ethernet uses MAC assigned by manufacturer

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24
Q

frame size limitations

A

most frames hold 1500 bytes of data

sent data exceeding frame size - broken into frame-sized chunks

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25
hub
essentially just a repeater (early networks) made copies of frame - sent to every other system on the network only NIC to which frame was addressed would process that frame all other NICs erase frame
26
switch
filters traffic by MAC address sends frame only to recipient MAC address
27
recipient MAC not already known/cached
NIC sends broadcast on network to request MAC every NIC on network processes the frame address request contained in frame data IP address used to isolate target computer desired system reads request - responds with MAC address
28
broadcast MAC address
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
29
complete frame movement
1 - sending system OS hands data to its NIC 2 - NIC builds frame 3 - NIC adds FCS & data to frame 4 - NIC adds destination & its own MAC address 5 - NIC waits for cable to be free - sends frame on cable through network 6 - Frame moves to central box (hub/switch) 7 - Receiving NIC applies FCS - strips off all framing information-sends to OS
30
OSI layer 2
any device that deals with a MAC address provides DLC NIC, switch *only later with sub-layers*
31
DLC
data link control
32
LLC
logical link control aspect of NIC that talks to OS - handles multiple network protocols & provides flow control drivers *sub-layer*
33
MAC
media access control creates & addresses frame adds or checks FCS *sub-layer*
34
NIC in OSI layers 1 & 2
1 - puts frame on cable 2 - assembles frame *go with 2 if asked to pick 1 answer*
35
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
36
IP
Internet Protocol
37
range of each 8-bit number in IP address
0 - 255
38
[blank] make logical addressing powerful
routers
39
TCP/IP data encapsulation
packet inside a frame frame header - packet header - data - FCS
40
packet enters router
router removes incoming frame determines destination via IP address creates new frame sends packet *new frame will match technology of of that attached to receiving router*
41
packet reaches destination subnet router
router removes frame replaces with frame containing destination MAC address that matches destination IP address
42
OSI layer 3 hardware
router *last layer that deals directly with hardware*
43
OSI layer 4
assembly & disassembly initiates requests to resend problematic packets
44
TCP/IP transport - sending data
serving computer receives request must break up data to fit within a packet organize packets for receiving system hand packets to NIC for sending
45
TCP/IP transport - receiving data
receiving computer must be able to recognize a series of incoming packets correctly reassemble packets based on information from sending system verify all data arrived intact
46
transport protocol breaks data into [blank]
segments - get sequence number (TCP) datagrams - no sequence number (UDP)
47
sequencing number
allows receiving system to know the total number of packets & their arrangement
48
OSI layer 5
connecting applications to applications limited time of communication between 2 systems client/server or computer/computer initiates, accepts, opens/closes sessions
49
Windows command to display all running sessions
netstat
50
OSI layer 6
translation translates data from lower layers into a format usable by the Application layer & vice versa
51
OSI layer 7
network applications web browsers, Office, Quicktime, etc. code built into every OS to enable network-aware apps
52
API
application programming interface used by programmers to make apps network-aware
53
encapsulation
entire process of preparing data to go onto a network OSI layers 2 - 7
54
de-encapsulation
process of removing all extra header information as data travels up the stack
55
layers of TCP/IP model
1 - link / network interface 2 - Internet 3 - transport 4 - application LITA: Legolas Is Trained Archer *OSI layers 5-7* linked together*
56
TCP/IP link layer
"network interface layer" all physical components (minus router) any part of network that deals with complete frames
57
TCP/IP Internet layer
"IP packet" layer any device or protocol that deals with pure IP packets - getting packet to destination creation of IP packets IP addressing router
58
TCP/IP transport layer
assembly & disassembly of packets defines connection-oriented vs. connectionless communication *OSI layers 5 - 7*
59
connection-oriented communication
connection verified before data is sent (TCP)
60
connectionless communication
data sent without verifying receiving system is ready (UDP)
61
UDP
user datagram protocol
62
TCP segment
remaining data after removing IP address from packet fields ensure connection-oriented communication works properly & data arrives intact
63
TCP segment fields
checksum flags acknowledgement
64
TCP creation
data received from application layer transport layer: breaks data into discrete sections - adds port number & sequence number (creates TCP segment) hands TCP segment to Internet layer to create IP packet
65
UDP creation
receives data from application layer adds port & length numbers + checksum missing fields > doesn't care about data integrity
66
TCP/IP application layer
every application must know how to initiate, control, & disconnect from a remote system no application requires any particular form of presentation as in OSI model all TCP/IP apps are network-aware by definition
67
TCP/IP data structures per layer
link - frame internet - IP packet transport - TCP segment / UDP datagram application - data
68
flow control
provides mean for receiver to govern the amount of data sent by sender TCP using windowing by default - decrease window to slow down transmitting host - receiving host does not overflow buffers

CompTIA Network+ (9 decks)

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