TCP/IP Model Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
- Also known as the DoD Model
- Alternative to the OSI Model
- More relevant model for network designers
- Only 4-layer model
A
TCI/IP Model or Stack
2
Q
Which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
- Physical and electrical characteristics
- Describes how to transmit bits across the network (1s and 0s)
- Determines how interface uses network medium
- Coaxial, optical fibre, or twisted-pair copper cabling
- Examples:
> Ethernet
> Token ring
> FDDI
> RS-232
A
Layer 1 - Network Interface
3
Q
Which later of the TCP/IP Model?
- Packages data into IP datagrams
> Contains source and destination IPs
> Forwards datagrams between hosts across the networks
- Routes IP datagrams across networks
- Connectivity occurs externally
- Examples:
> IP
> ICMP
> ARP
> RARP
A
Layer 2 - Internet
4
Q
Which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
- Provides communication session management between hosts
- Defines level of service and status of connection used for transport
- Examples:
> TCP
> UDP
> RTP
A
Layer 3 - Transport
5
Q
Which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
- Defines TCP/IP application protocols
- Defines how programs interface with the transport layer service
- Layer with which the user interacts
- Examples:
> HTTP
> TELNET
> FTP
> SNMP
> DNS
> SMTP
> SSL
> TLS
A
Layer 4 - Application
6
Q
The following are examples from which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
> HTTP
> TELNET
> FTP
> SNMP
> DNS
> SMTP
> SSL
> TLS
A
Layer 4 - Application
7
Q
The following are examples from which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
> TCP
> UDP
> RTP
A
Layer 3 - Transport
8
Q
The following are examples from which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
> IP
> ICMP
> ARP
> RARP
A
Layer 2 - Internet
9
Q
The following are examples from which layer of the TCP/IP Model?
> Ethernet
> Token ring
> FDDI
> RS-232
A
Layer 1 - Network Interface
10
Q
- Short-lived transport ports that are automatically selected from a predefined range
- Ports 1024-65,535
A
Ephemeral ports
11
Q
What port range is used for ephemeral ports?
A
Ports 1024 to 65,535
12
Q
What port range is used for well-known and reserved ports?
A
Ports 0 to 1023
13
Q
What is the entire available port range?
A
0 to 65,535
14
Q
The following are included in what type of packets?
- Source address (IP of sender)
- Destination address (IP of receiver)
- IP flags (allows packet fragmentation)
- Protocol (is this using TCP or UDP?)
A
IPv4 packets
15
Q
How many bytes in a TCP header?
A
20 bytes
16
Q
There are 20 bytes in what type of header?
A
TCP header
17
Q
How many bytes in a UDP header?
A
8 bytes
18
Q
There are 8 bytes in what type of header?
A
UDP header
19
Q
Which protocol?
- Transfers computer files between a client and server on a computer network
- Unsecure method and data is being transferred in the clear
A
File transfer protocol (FTP)
Port 20, 21
20
Q
Port 20, 21
A
File transfer protocol (FTP)
21
Q
What port(s) does FTP use?
A
Port 20, 21
22
Q
Which protocol?
- Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network
- Best known for remote login to computer systems by users
A
Secure Shell (SSH) Port 22
23
Q
Port 22
A
Secure Shell (SSH) SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
24
Q
What port(s) does SSH use?
A
Port 22
25
Which protocol?
| - Provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream
SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
| Port 22
26
What port(s) does SFTP use?
Port 22
27
Which protocol?
- Provides bi-directional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection
- Like SSH, but insecure
Telnet
| Port 23
28
Port 23
Telnet
29
What port(s) does Telnet use?
Port 23
30
Which protocol?
- Internet standard for sending electronic mail
- RFC 821 was defined originally in 1982
- RFC 5321 developed in 2008 (current version)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
| Port 25
31
Port 25
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
32
What port(s) does SMTP use?
Port 25
33
Which protocol?
- Hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the internet or a private network
- Converts domain names to IP addresses
Domain Namer Service (DNS)
| Port 53
34
Port 53
Domain Name Service (DNS)
35
What port(s) does DNS use?
Port 53
36
Which protocol?
- Server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to a client
- Enables computers to request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically
- Reduces burden on network administrators
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
| Port 67, 68
37
Port 67, 68
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
38
What port(s) does DHCP use?
Port 67, 68
39
Which protocol?
- Transmits files in both directions of a client-server application
- Used for boosting an operating system from a local area network file server
- Doesn't provide user authentication or directory visibility
- Essentially a stripped down version of FTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
| Port 69
40
Port 69
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
41
What port(s) does TFTP use?
Port 69
42
Which protocol?
- Foundation of data communication for WWW
- Designed for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia presentation across many devices
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
| Port 80
43
Port 80
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
44
What port(s) does HTTP use?
Port 80
45
Which protocol?
| - Used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over TCP/IP connection
Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3)
| Port 110
46
Port 110
Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3)
47
What port(s) does POP3 use?
port 110
48
Which protocol?
- Provides clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks
- Created in 1985, one of the oldest internet protocols currently in use
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
| Port 123
49
Port 123
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
50
What port(s) does NTP use?
Port 123
51
Which protocol?
- Provides services allowing applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network for file and printer sharing
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)
| Port 139
52
Port 139
NetBIOS
53
What port(s) does NetBIOS use?
Port 139
54
Which protocol?
- Provides e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection
- Allows the end user to view and manipulate the messages as if they're stored locally
Internet Mail Application (IMAP)
| Port 143
55
Port 143
Internet Mail Application (IMAP)
56
What port(s) does IMAP use?
Port 143
57
Which protocol?
- Provides collection and organization of information about managed devices on IP networks
- Can modify that information to change device behaviour, commonly used in network devices
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
| Port 161
58
Port 161
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
59
What port(s) does SNMP use?
Port 161
60
Which protocol?
- Open, vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services
- Active Directory uses this
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
| Port 389
61
Port 389
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
62
What port(s) does LDAP use?
Port 389
63
Which protocol?
- Foundation of e-commerce on WWW
- Designed for adding security to the insecure HTTP protocol
```
HTTP Secure (HTTPS)
Port 443
```
64
Port 443
HTTP Secure (HTTPS)
65
What port(s) does HTTPS use?
Port 443
66
Which protocol?
| - Provides shared access to files, printers, and miscellaneous communications between devices on a network
Server Message Block (SMB)
| Port 445
67
Port 445
Server Message Block (SMB)
68
What port(s) does SMB use?
Port 445
69
Which protocol?
- Open, vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services
- Active Directory uses this
- Secure version
```
LDAP Secure (LDAPS)
Port 636
```
70
Port 636
LDAP Secure (LDAPS)
71
What port(s) does LDAPS use?
Port 636
72
Which protocol?
- Proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft
- Provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection
- User employs client software for this purpose and the other computer must run server software
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
| Port 3389
73
Port 3389
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
74
What port(s) does RDP use?
Port 3389
75
Which protocol?
- Provides signalling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications
- Used for internet telephony for voice and video calls, VoIP, and instant messaging
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
| Port 5060, 5061
76
Port 5060, 5061
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
77
What port(s) does SIP use?
Port 5060, 5061
