TCW Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
“an act, manner, office, or power of governing; government; state of being governed; or method of government or regulation.
A
New Webster’s International Dictionary
2
Q
is closely associated with “governing” and
“government”—that is, with political authority,
institutions, and effective control
A
New Webster’s International Dictionary
3
Q
is a combination of formal and informal
ideas, values, rules, norms, procedures,
practices, policies, and organizations that
provide better order than if we relied purely
upon formal regulations and structures
A
New Webster’s International Dictionary
4
Q
‘the sum of the many ways individuals and
institutions, public and private, manage their
common affairs.
A
Commission on Global Governance
5
Q
It is the continuing process through which
conflicting or diverse interests may be
accommodated and co-operative action may be
taken.
A
Commission on Global Governance
6
Q
it ‘encompasses the activities of governments, but it
also includes the many otherchannels through
which “commands” flow in the form of goals framed,
directives issued, and policies pursued’.
A
James Rosenau
7
Q
is defined as the manner in which power is
exercised in the management of a country’s
economic and social resources.
A
World Bank
8
Q
the form of political regime;
* the process by which authority is exercised
in the management of a country’s economic
and social resources for development;
* the capacity of governments to design,
formulate, and implement policies and
discharge functions
A
Three Distinct Aspects of Governance
9
Q
as the exercise of economic, political and
administrative authority to manage a country’s
affairs at all levels.
A
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
10
Q
It comprises mechanisms, processes and institutions
through which citizens and groups articulate their
interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their
obligations and mediate their differences
A
UNDP
11
Q
encompasses the role of public authorities in
establishing the environment in which economic
operators function and in determining the
distribution of benefits as well as the nature of the
relationship between the ruler and the ruled
A
OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
12
Q
it comprises the institutions, processes and
conventions in a society which determine how
power is exercised, how important decisions
affecting society are made and how various
interests are accorded a place in such decisions
A
Institute of Governance, Ottawa
13
Q
it includes formal institutions and regimes
empowered to enforce compliance, as well as
informal arrangements that people and institutions
either have agreed to or perceive to be in their
interest
A
Commission on Global Governance
14
Q
good governance is ensuring respect for human
rights and the rule of law; strengthening democracy;
promoting transparency and capacity in public
administration
A
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
15
Q
governance refers to theprocess whereby elements
in society wield power and authority, and influence
and enact policies and decisions concerning public
life, and economic and social development.
* it involves interaction between these formal
institutions and those of civil society
A
International Institute of Administrative Sciences
16
Q
refers to the complex set of values, norms,
processes and institutions by which society manages
its development and resolves conflict, formally and
informally.
* It involves the state, but also the civil society (economic
and social actors, community-based institutions and unstructured
groups, the media, etc) at the local, national, regional and
global levels.
* ‘it is a broad, dynamic, complex process
of interactive decision-making that is
constantly evolving and responding to
changing circumstances’
A
Tokyo Institute of Technology
17
Q
the collective management of common
problems/issues at the international level.
A
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
18
Q
the combination of informal and formal ideas, values,
rules, norms, procedures, practices, policies, and
organizations that often furnish a surprising and
desirable degree of global order, stability, and
predictability if not always—in fact, far too rarely—
fairness
A
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
19
Q
it involves transfers of power to global sites and
changes in the mechanisms that determine the exercise
of power.
* refers to ‘government-like’ activities in the international
system performed by a panoply of
constantly_x0002_changing institutions, including
international law, international and regional
organisations, and NGOs.
* is a broader concept than ‘government’. The
Commission on Global Governance defined governance
as ‘the sum of the many ways individuals and
institutions, public and private, manage their common
affairs. It is the continuing process through which
conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated
and cooperative action taken
A
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
20
Q
WHY DO WE NEED TO
STUDY GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE?
A
- it is necessary because humanity increasingly
faces both problems and opportunities that
are global in scale. - transnational problems such as violence and
pandemics routinely reach across borders,
affecting us all. - Effective global governance will allow us to
end armed conflict, deal with new and
emerging problems such as technological risks
and automation, and to achieve levels of
prosperity and progress never before seen
21
Q
to provide global public goods,
particularly peace and security,
justice and mediation systems
for conflict, functioning
markets and unified standards
for trade and industry.
A
GOAL OF GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
22
Q
FUNCTIONS OF
GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
A
Creating an international rule of law
Regulating the global economy and providing
global public goods
Redistribution at the international level
When states fail: a safety net for the most
vulnerable?
Changing the state from the outside
Accountability: any voice for the poor in
global governance?
23
Q
Global governance can provide a ‘rule of law’ (whether
formally codified or not) at the international level, which can
protect the weak from the strong and provide a stable basis
for the development of international institutions
A
Creating an international rule of law
24
Q
is a good that is non-rival. This means:
consumption of the good by one individual does not reduce
the amount of the good available for consumption by others
(EXAMPLE: if I walk under a street light, I do not reduce the
amount of light available to others)
A
public good
25
At the domestic level, many states attempt some
kind of redistribution from rich to poor, whether
through advanced systems of tax and benefits or by
simply providing free or subsidised basic services
to the poor.
Redistribution at the international level
26
the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ which asserts that the
international community has responsibilities to secure
individuals’ human rights when their state is actively or
negligently depriving them of these rights. The same
principle animates much humanitarian relief, international
refugee conventions etc.
When states fail: a safety net for the most
vulnerable
27
This function of the international system is the premise of
the conditionality applied by international institutions such
as the World Bank and IMF, of international efforts to
promote democracy and of some elements of the
international human rights regime.
Changing the state from the outside
28
Global governance institutions can create change within
states in:
First, international institutions can be a source of information and expertise –
encouraging states to change their policies or institutions via demonstration
effects and ‘peer pressure’.
* Second, international institutions can use international resources to ‘incentivise’
(or coerce) change in countries which need them.
* Third, international institutions can, in principle, enforce the international rule of
law by punitive means to force change on a state
29
Accountability in current institutions of global governance is
highly imperfect. There is no international democracy,
meaning that for the most part people are represented by
their states at the international level, but developing
countries are often excluded from decision-making
Accountability: any voice for the poor in
global governance?
30
international institutions have made some important
contributions to poverty reduction (e.g. international
redistribution through aid)
Helping or Hindering Poverty Reduction?
31
directly changing domestic political policy
making
International Organizations and Power
Changes
32
international organizations operating in
regional integration (such as the EU) create
or at least move toward new nation-states
and do more than create the conditions for
national cooperation resulting to:
A. the reinforcement of the organization’s
power,
B. the national political processes decreases
33
Trade generates competition between the
products and services of different polities
which leads to a competition between the
regulatory frameworks to which those
products and services are subject. Meaning,
the products and services of the nation
needs to be competitive in the global market
but they need to protect domestic resources
or interests from this competition.
The Transfer of Power to the Market
34
is a model of governance wherein
decision-makers are chosen for office based on their
technical expertise and background
TECHNOCRACY
35
reform the
work schedule, to achieve the goal of uninterrupted
production, maximizing the efficiency and profitability of
resources, transport and entertainment facilities,
avoiding the "weekend effect"
THE GOAL OF Technocratic movement i
36
The traditional actors or participants at the
international level will most often be nations
and the positions of these nations will be
determined by the dynamics of participation
in the national political processes.
* national decision-making is now
about the
role of the nation as a participant in a global
or international decision-making process
alters the dynamics of decision-making in
national political and judicial processes
representation
Interaction with Domestic Patterns of
Representation and Participation
37
they are often the implementers of the
terms of global governance arrangements
and make their decisions in a context in
which the particular global governance
political processes can do little given
unanimity rules.
Transfer of Power to Judiciaries
38
it is the leading institution in charge of global governance
UNITED NATIONS
39
Date of UN
1945
40
can settle international legal issues through the
International Court of Justice, and implements its key
decisions through the Secretariat, led by the Secretary
General
UN
41
THE UNITED NATION
(UN) FOUR MAIN
PURPOSES
1. To keep peace throughout the world;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations;
33
3. To help nations work together to improve the lives of
poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy,
and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and
freedoms;
4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations
to achieve these goals
42
THE PRINCIPLES OF
UNITED NATION (UN)
It is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
● All members are to fulfil in faith their
charter/institutional obligations.
● They are to settle their international disputes by
peace.
● They are to refrain from the threat or use of force
against other state.
● They are to give the United Nations every assistance
in every action it takes in accordance with the charter.
● Nothing in the charter is to Authorized the United
Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially
within the domestic jurisdiction of any state
43
THE UNITED
NATIONS (UN)
FUNCTIONS
* maintaining international peace and security and protecting
human rights.
* delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable
development, and upholding international law.
ØThe organization utilizes good offices, diplomacy, and mediation.
Ø coordinating responses to emergencies and supports rapid humanitarian
Øresponse for people affected by natural disasters and armed conflict.
ØIt does peacekeeping processes in countries with domestic conflicts and
peace_x0002_building tasks in countries freed from conflict, lessening the
risk of reversing into conflict and setting the ground work for sustainable
peace and development.
* UN scrutinizes situations and issues reported to them and
oversee the exercise of international human rights
agreements
44
THE ROLE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
(UN) TO GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
* The United Nations governing body and its
institutions constitute a framework that allows for
global governance.
* it allows for a democratic framework of voting on
regulations that apply globally,
* it provides a safety net to prevent or respond to
wars and humanitarian crises, and is funded by
nations which are a part of it.
39
* This structure allows for an array of institutions and
services that provide everything from consulting,
advisory, justice, humanitarian aid, education,
information, and so on
45
is the main AND central deliberative and the only organ
where all member-states have equal representation in
discussion and consideration, and policymaking.
General Assembly
46
Decisions are made by a two-third majority. Composed of all
United Nations member states, the assembly meets in
regular yearly session under a president elected from among
the member states.
General Assembly
47
When does first session of UN
Jan 10, 1946 Westminister Hall London 51 nations, 193 now
48
is the organ which has the commitment to preserve peace and security.
* is in- charged with maintaining peace and security among countries.
* The Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that
member Governments have agreed to carry out, under the terms of
charter.
* The decisions of the council are known as UNITED NATIONS SECURITY
COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS.
43
* The Security Council comprises five permanent members -United States,
Britain, and France, Russia and China and ten non-permanent members,
who are elected for two years by general assembly.
* The permanent members have the power to veto any of the decisions of
SC (Security Council)
The Security Council
49
4 under security council
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship
International Court of Justice
Secretariat
50
is the organ tasked to administer
international oversight for trust territories and to make sure
that adequate procedures are taken for independence and self
government
Trusteeship Council
51
is the organ tasked to execute the daily activities as assigned by the other
organs.
* is headed by the secretary-general, assisted by a staff of international civil
servants worldwide.
* It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations
bodies for their meeting.
* It also carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security Council, The UN
bodies.
45
* The United Nations charter provides that the staff be chosen by application of
the “highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity” with due
regard for the importance of recruiting on the wide geographical basis.
* The charter provides that the staff shall not seek or receive instructions
from any authority other than the UN member country is enjoined to respect
the international character of the secretariat and not seek to influence its
staff.
The Secretariat
52
flourished after the end of the Cold
War and the global dominance of the
two superpowers.
* is the expression of a common sense of
identity and purpose combined with
the creation and implementation of
institutions that express a particular
identity and shape collective action
within a geographical region.
* is defined as a political ideology that
favors a specific region over a greater
area. (It usually results due to political separations,
religious geography, cultural boundaries, linguistic
REGIONALISM
53
often results in formal political or
economic arrangements between
groups of countries intended to
achieve common goals.
* is the development of political and
economic systems based on loyalty to
distinct geographic regions.
* is a political process driven by
specific actors to maintain, enhance
or develop social structures
containing normative and discursive
assumptions, reference points and
political strategies supporting specific
region-building processes
REGIONALISM
54
IS THE THEORY OR PRACTICE OF
REGIONAL RATHER THAN CENTRAL
SYSTEMS OF ADMINISTRATION OF
ECONOMIC CULTURAL OR POLITICAL
AFFILIATION.
REGIONALISM
55
A PROCESS BY WHICH THE
PEOPLE OF THE WORLD ARE
UNIFIED INTO A SINGLE
SOCIETY AND
FUNCTION TOGETHER
GLOBALIZATION
56
Why countries form
regional organization?
To cope up with the challenges of
globalization.
to foster cooperation and political and
economic integration or dialogue
among states or entities within a
restrictive geographical or geopolitical
boundary
57
The new stabilizing
engine of global
economic growth which
greatly influences the
world and plays a vital
role in the global
economic leadership
ASIA
58
HOW ASIAN ECONOMIES
ARE CONNECTED?
Asian
economies
are
principally
connected through
markets
Where
markets
lead,
governme
nts are
following
Increased
movement
of people
across
borders
(tourist,
worker, etc.)
Connections in regions are
taking shape by develop a
regional multimodal
transport infrastructure
network to move goods,
services, and labor within the
region and beyond
59
IMPORTANCE OF ASIAN
REGIONALISM
HELP SUSTAIN
REGIONS
GROWTH
UNDERPIN
REGIONS
STABILITY
REDUCE
INEQUALITY
MARSHAL
COMMON
RESPONSE TO
MAJOR
CHALLENGES
SUSTAIN
GLOBAL
ECONOMIC
PROGRESS
60
process in which neighboring states enter into an
agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and
rules
Regional integration
61
refers to trade which focuses on economic exchange
primarily between countries of the same region or economic zone
.Intra-regional trade
62
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
63
ASEAN IS ESTABLISH ON
ESTABLISHED
ON 8 AUGUST
1967 IN
BANGKOK,
THAILAND
63
ASEM
ASIA-EUROPE MEETING (ASEM)
64
is a unique,
informal platform
for dialogue and
cooperation
between Asia and
Europe on the big
challenges of a
fast-changing
world, such as
Connectivity,
trade and
investment,
climate change,
but also broad
security
ASIA-EUROPE MEETING (ASEM)
65
ASEM is the
main
multilateral
platform linking
Europe and Asia
with significant
global
weight: ASEM
partners
represent
around
65% of
global GDP, 60%
of global
population, 75%
of global tourism
and 68% of
global trade
66
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
67
has contributed to the reduction of tariffs and
other barriers to trade in the region over time, leading
to the expansion of economic growth and international
trade
APEC
68
SAARC
SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR
REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC)
69
It is an economic and political regional
organisation of countries in South Asia set
up on 8 December 1985.
23
* It aims to accelerate the process of economic
and social development in its member states
through increased intra-regional cooperation.
SAARC
70
SCO
SHANGHAI COOPERATION
ORGANIZATION
71
IS AN
INTERGOVERNMENT
AL ORGANIZATION
FOUNDED IN
SHANGHAI ON
15
JUNE 2001.
72
ESTABLISHED PARTNERSHIPS WITH
THE UN EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND
CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO),
THE WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION
(UNWTO), AND THE INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM),
IN ADDITION TO ITS ONGOING
COOPERATION WITH THE UN OFFICE
ON DRUGS AND CRIME
(UNODC), UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA
AND THE PACIFIC (ESCAP) AND THE UN
OFFICE ON COUNTER-TERRORISM
(UNOCT)
SCO
73
RCEP
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
74
INCLUDES A MIX OF HIGH,
MIDDLE, AND LOW-INCOME
COUNTRIES TO ELIMINATE
ABOUT 90% OF THE TARIFFS ON
IMPORTS BETWEEN ITS
SIGNATORIES WITHIN 20 YEARS
OF COMING INTO FORCE, AND
ESTABLISH COMMON RULES
FOR E-COMMERCE, TRADE, AND
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
RCEP
75
THE FIRST FREE
TRADE AGREEMENT
AMONG THE LARGEST
ECONOMIES IN ASIA,
INCLUDING CHINA,
INDONESIA, JAPAN, AND
SOUTH KOREA
RCEP
76
PIF
Pacific Islands Forum IT WAS FOUNDED IN 1971 WITH 18
MEMBERS:
THE FORUM’S PACIFIC VISION IS FOR A
REGION OF PEACE, HARMONY, SECURITY,
SOCIAL INCLUSION AND PROSPERITY, SO
THAT ALL PACIFIC PEOPLE CAN LEAD
FREE, HEALTHY, AND PRODUCTIVE LIVES.
77
CPTTP
COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE
AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC
PARTNERSHIP
IS A FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT (FTA)
BETWEEN CANADA
AND 10 OTHER
COUNTRIES IN THE
ASIA-PACIFIC
REGION:
78
ARF
ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM
ESTABLISHED IN 1994
* IT COMPRISES 27 MEMBERS: THE 10 ASEAN MEMBER
STATES (BRUNEI, CAMBODIA, INDONESIA, LAOS, MALAYSIA,
MYANMAR, PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, THAILAND AND
VIETNAM);
* 10 ASEAN DIALOGUE PARTNERS (AUSTRALIA, CANADA,
CHINA, THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU), INDIA, JAPAN, NEW
ZEALAND, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA (ROK), RUSSIA AND
THE UNITED STATES);
79
RISK / CHALLENGES OF
ASIAN REGIONALISM
1.Global demand and financial can be compromised.
2.Financial reversals and economic slowdowns.
3.New health and security threats could make the
flow of people and goods more difficult and
expensive; environmental damage could result in
radical changes in economic policies.
4.Social instability could generate tensions and
uncertainty that overwhelm economic progress
80
involves communication channels through which news,
entertainment, education, data, or promotions are
disseminated.
Media
81
People discovered fire, developed paper from plants call
mom and forge weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper
and iron.
Pre historic Age (Before 1700’s
82
can be carvings or engravings in rocks or
caves
Petroglyphs
83
Represent words or phrases through symbol.
used to refer to sketches or paintings that usually depict nature,
early peoples way of life.
Pictographs
84
these are painted drawings on cave walls
or ceilings, mainly of prehistoric origin
Cave paintings
85
These were used as a writing medium,
especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age
and well into the Iron Age
Clay tablets
86
It is a plant in material similar to thick paper that
was used in ancient times as writing surface
Papyrus
87
People use the power of steam, developed
machine tools, established iron production, and the
manufacturing of various products (including books
through the printing press
Industrial Age (1700’s-1930’s
88
He created the device for
applying pressure to an ink surface resting upon a
print medium such as paper or cloth and thereby
transferring the ink
Johanes Guttenberg
89
It is a device for applying pressure to an ink surface resting upon a print medium
such as paper or cloth and thereby transferring the ink
Printing Press for Mass Production (19th Century
90
It is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative
articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on in advertising.
Ø is usually , but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, low grade
papers such as new sprint
Newspaper
91
It is a mechanical or Electro mechanical machine for writing characters
similar to those produced by printers movable type .
Ø it operates by means of keys that strike a ribbon to turn Smith ink or
carbon impressions onto paper.
Typewriter
92
The father of
Modern Typewriter, The man behind the “QWERTY” typewriter keyboard.
Christopher Latham Sholes
93
A system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire, specially
one creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection
Telephone (1876
94
known to be the father who Created a device for
transmitting message from a distance along a wire, especially one creating
signals and breaking an electrical connection
Alexander Grahambel
95
− Presents a series of still images which , when shown on a screen, creates the
illusion of moving images due to a certain phenomenon (phi phenomenon)
− This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion
between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession.
Motion picture photography/projection (1890), commercial motion
pictures (1913), and motion pictures with sound (1926
96
The invention of the transistor ushered during this
time. people harnessed the power of transistors that
led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the
early computers.
− In this age long distance communication became
more efficient
Electronic Age (1930’s-1980’s
97
The Era was dubbed the
“Age of Implosion”
98
− It is a small portable receiver that uses transistor based circuitry. it
is a pocket size device that is used mainly for information
dissemination, and later on for broadcasting entertainment like
music , etc
Transistor Radio
99
− It is an optical device that projects an image or moving images
onto a surface.- this device creates an image by shining a light through a small
transparent lens.
OHP, LCD projectors
100
− The Internet paved the way for faster
communication and the creation of the social network
− people advanced the use of microelectronics with
the invention of personal computers, mobile devices,
and wearable technology.
− Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are
digitalized. we are now living in the information age.
Information Age (1900s-2000s
101
It is a software application for retrieving, presenting and
traversing information resources on the World Wide Web
Web browsers
102
− It is a discussion or informal website published on the World
Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text
entries or posts
b. Blogs
103
This is an online platform which people use to build social
relations with other people who share similar personal or
career interests, activities, backgrounds or real life connections
Social Networks
104
− It is a broadcast medium that exists in the form of blogging
− it differs from a traditional blog and its contents are typically smaller in both
actual and aggregated file size
− it allows users to exchange the small elements of content such as short
sentences, individual images, or video links comma which may be the major
reason for their popularity.
d. Microblogs
105
− This is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback,
broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.
e. Video
106
− A technology that superimposes a computer generated image on a
user's view of the real world thus providing a composite view
f. Augmented Reality
107
− The computer generated simulation of a 3 dimensional image or environment
that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person
using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or
gloves fitted with sensors.
g. Virtual Reality
108
− a face to face conversation held over the internet by means of webcams
and dedicated software
h. Video Chat
109
− It is a software system that is designed to search for information on the
World Wide Web
i. Search Engines
110
− It is a computer that comes with a keyboard and display an one which can be
easily relocated or transported, although less convenient compared to a notebook
j. Portable Computers
111
− A portable computer , usually battery powered, small enough to rest on
the user's lap and having a screen that closes over the keyboard like a lid
Laptop 1980
112
portable computer that uses a touchscreen as
its primary input device. most tablets are slightly smaller and weigh less than the
average laptop.
Tablet (1993
113
A small laptop computer designed primarily for accessing internet-based
applications
Netbook (2008
114
A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer,
typically having a touch screen interface, Internet access, and an
operating system capable of running downloaded applications
Smartphone
115
− It is a category of technology devices that can be worn by a
consumer and often include tracking information related to health and
fitness
− Other wearable tech gadgets include devices that have small motion
sensors to take photos and sync with your mobile devices
Wearable Technology (wearable gadgets
116
is a complex whole Which includes knowledge,
believes, arts, morals, customs, and other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as member of society.”
“Culture" Edward B. Tyler
117
Characteristics of Culture
1. Culture is everything
2. Culture is learned
3. Culture is Shared
4. Culture varies from society to society
5. Culture is adaptive
6. Culture is small maladaptive
7. Culture is Continuous and Cumulative
118
Culture can also cause problems for the people who
subscribe to it. These problems arise when environment
is changed, and culture has remained the same
Culture is small maladaptive
119
TWO TYPES OF CULTURE
mATERIAL AND NON
120
3 types of culture
Encul Accul and Decul
121
This implies that a behavior cannot be considered as a culture if
there is only one person practicing it. Culture is shared
intergenerational
Culture is Shared
122
refers to the culture created under the influence of mass
media.
MEDIA CULTURE
123
Emphasizes lasting differences between
cultures. it argues that the deep structure of cultures is unaffected by
globalization.
Cutural Differentialism
124
Argues that as a result of globalization
different cultures mix and new unique hybrid cultures emerge, that are
mix of local and global (glocalization)
Cultural Hybridization
125
Is the idea that globalisation tends to make
cultures grow more alike
Culture convergence
126
one or more dominant cultures impose
themselves on other cultures
Cultural imperialism
127
Positive Impact
1. National integration
− films and television promote national integration to a great extent
2. Increase in awareness
− mass media promotes social issues such as anti-dowry, safe sex small family
norm, employment guarantees schemes
3. Positive image of women
− status of women is an integral part of the culture of any society
4. Increase in employment opportunities
− directly or indirectly the advertisements, channels and production houses generate
5. Strengthening family ties
− reinforcing traditional values of eating together and living together has
strengthened family ties
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Negative impact
1. promoting popular culture
− that sends a message what is popular is good
2. crime and violence
− in course of imitating their favorite stars they end up being juvenile delinquent, or
indulge in antisocial elements
3. Stereotypical image of woman
− women on screen, when used a sex symbol the mindset of the people gets
affected
4. sensationalizing events
− Paparazzi become a vital part of our culture affecting the privacy of members of
society
5. Defining beauty and richness
− fairness and slimness of girls are the only parameters of their beaut
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refers to the regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa and Oceania.
mostly low-income and often politically or culturally marginalized.
it may also be called the “developing world” such as Africa, Latin America, and developing countries in Asia, “developing countries”, “less develop countries”, and “developed regions” including poorer “Southern” regions of wealthy “Northern” countries.
GLOBAL SOUTH
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refers to the countries’ “interconnected histories of colonialism, neo-imperialism, and differential economic and social change through which large inequalities in living standards, life expectancy, and access to resources are maintained.
countries that are less less developed and characterized by low level of economic development, large inequalities in living standards and low life expectancy such as Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including the Middle East
GLOBAL SOUTH
131
THREE PRIMARY CONCEPTS OF GLOBAL SOUTH
It refers to the economically disadvantaged nation-states and as a post cold war alternative to “Third World”.
The phrase “Third World” arose during the Cold War to identify the countries whose views did not align with NATO and capitalism or the Soviet Union and communism. The First World described countries whose views aligned with NATO and capitalism, aNd the Second World referred to countries that supported communism and the Soviet Union.
The Global South captures a deterritorialized geography of capitalism’s externalities and means to account for subjugated peoples within the borders of wealthier countries.
It refers to the resistant imaginary of a transnational political subject that results from a shared experience of subjugation under contemporary global capitalism.
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has access to 1/5 of the world’s income
as nations become economically developed, they may become part of the “North” regardless of geographical location.
any nation that do not qualify for “developed” status are in effect deemed to be part of the South.
SOUTH
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refers to the developed societies of Europe and North America, which are characterized by established wealth, technological advancement, political stability, zero population growth and dominance of world trade and politics.
considered as the high income countries such as Norway, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US, Belgium, Iceland, Japan, Sweden, Netherlands and most of Western Europe.
GLOBAL NORTH
134
controls 4/5 of the income earned anywhere in the world.
90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in the North.
north
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Third World was coined in 1952 by
Alfred Sauvy, a French demographer, anthropologist, and economic historian who compared it with the Third Estate, a concept that emerged in the context of the French Revolution.
136
refers to the clergy and the monarch.
First Estate
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refers to the nobility.
Second Estate
138
refers to the balance of French population as contrasted the poor countries to the First World and the Second World.
Third Estate
139
low poverty
low child morality
high economic and educational development
advance technological advancement
stable governments
low fertility rates
low gender related illiteracy
GLOBAL NORTH
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high poverty
high child morality
low economic and educational development
low self consumption of natural resources
vulnerable to exploitation by large corporations and industrial nations
less technological advancement
economy are dependent on developed countries
unstable governments
high fertility rates
high gender related illiteracy
GLOBAL SOUTH
141
all industrialized, democratic countries, which were assumed to be allied with the United States in its struggle against the Soviet Union.
Finland and Switzerland maintained strict neutrality.
THE FIRST WORLD
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anchored on the industrialized, communist realm of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satelites, yet it often included poor communist states located elsewhere.
THE SECOND WORLD
143
refers to the countries that did not belong to either types of formal economies.
defined as the non-aligned world and as the global realm of poverty and under-develop.
THE THIRD WORLD
144
the cold war between US and USSR created the division between the Capitalist/Democratic States and Communist States.
WORLD DIVISION DURING THE COLD WAR
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refers to the countries that were colonized by the Spaniards in the American continent.
LATIN AMERICA
