tcw Flashcards
(23 cards)
well-known liberalist who explores the concept of globalization
Thomas Friedman (2005)
“shrank from a size large to a size medium”
Globalization 1.0 (1492–1800)
Major Sea voyages, like Columbus’ discovery of the Americas in 1492, connected previously isolated regions of the world (Europe, Americas, Africa, and Asia).
Global exploration and discovery
Inventions like the compass and improvements in shipbuilding allowed explorers to travel long
distances and connect different parts of the world.
Advancements in navigation and transportation
European colonial powers established vast empires across the Americas, Africa, and Asia,
leading to the exchange of goods, cultures, and ideas on a global scale.
Expansion of empires and trade
- European colonial powe
The global trade of goods (like spices, gold, and silver), the spread of technologies, and the
beginnings of cultural exchanges between distant regions made the world more interconnected
and accessible.
Increased intercontinental interactions
The world “shrunk from medium to small”
Globalization 2.0
This phase saw the dominance of Great Britain as the hegemonic power, primarily in trade and
economy.
Pax Britannica
The phase coincided with the rise of industrialization, powered by Britain, which allowed the
nation to dominate global trade, manufacturing, and technological advancements.
Industrial Revolution
The world “shrunk from medium to small” as steamships, railroads, and the telegraph
significantly accelerated communication and transport.
World Shrinks Further
Britain established vast colonial empires, and its economic policies, like free trade, influenced global markets.
Global trade expansion
Britain’s economic strength and naval power ensured a
peaceful global trade environment, facilitating the movement of goods, capital, and people
across borders.
Economic and imperial dominance
(2nd half of the 20th century to the present) The world “shrinks from small to tiny”
Globalization 3.0
- This phase saw the rise of the United States of America as the global hegemon in terms of
security, trade, and economy.
Pax Americana
The world “shrinks from small to tiny” due to advances in technology, especially the
development of the internet, personal computing, and communication systems.
Technological Revolution
American-led companies (e.g., Apple, Microsoft) became dominant global players.
Multinational corporations
America maintained global influence in economic strength,
and in military and security dominance, especially after World War II.
Cold War and U.S. Security Power
the rise of the internet, globalization of labor markets, outsourcing,
and free trade agreements enabled deeper economic, cultural, and social ties between
countries worldwide.
Global interconnectedness
is the ability of a state to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction, rather
than through military or economic pressure (hard power).
Soft Power Concept – Coined by Joseph Nye (2004),
this idea emphasizes the use of attraction rather than coercion or force in international
relations.
Soft Power Concept – Coined by Joseph Nye (2004),
are major players in the global economy, with significant influence due to their vast
resources, global reach, and ability to operate across multiple countries.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
They have unquestionable access to enormous amounts of wealth, largely drawn from their
global operations and revenues across various markets.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
