TD54 Flashcards
(10 cards)
According to ar95-1 what lighting equipment is required for night and NVD operations?
Anti-Collisions
Position/ instrument
Landing/ search
Flashlight
What is one of the biggest problems with night unaided flight
Dark areas can be difficult or impossible to see into
The level of available detail is inconsistent due to the highly variable light level
Obstacles can be very difficult to see
Flight environment vis and weather may change while aircrew is effectively heads down in the lighted area
When conducting operations where sleep loss is expected, what behavior indicators should be monitored among crew members
Indicators of fatigue
Acute fatigue
Chronic fatigue
Motivational exhaustion
Reaction time changes
Reduced attention
Diminished memory
Changes in mood and social interaction
Impaired communication
What is the difference between the night and day blind spot? How do we compensate for both?
The day blind spot covers an area of 5 and 1/2 to 7 and 1/2° and is located about 15° from the phobia originating where the optic nerve attaches to the retina. The size of the day blind spot is due to the optic nerves oval shape combined with its offset position where it attaches to the retina. No cones or rods are present at the attachment point
A central or night blind spot occurs when cone cell sensitivity is lost
How can the night blind spot and negative effects of scotopic vision be overcome?
Peripheral vision is used primarily while viewing with scottopic vision
What caution is associated with the landing searchlight?
Landing in searchlight have less than 1 ft ground clearance when extended. Use caution when ground taxing over rough terrain with landing light and or searchlight extends
What is the off center viewing technique
This technique requires crew members to view an object by looking 10° above below or to either side rather than directly at the object. The eyes maintain visual contact with the object via peripheral vision
Crew members also must use off-center viewing if the eyes are held stationary when focusing on an object for more than 2 to 3 seconds using scotopic vision, images can fade away or bleach out completely
What is myopia, hyperopia and presbyopia?
Myopia nearsightedness caused by an air in refraction where the lens of the eye does not focus an image directly on the retina. The eyes actual focal point is in front of the retinal plane or wall causing blurred vision. Distant objects are not seen clearly and only nearby objects are in focus
Hyperopia farsightedness the eyes actual focal point is behind the retinal plane or wall, causing blurred vision nearby objects are not Christine. Clearly, only more distant objects are in focus
Presbyopia a condition that causes the lenses to harden is part of the normal aging process. Beginning in the early teens, the human eye gradually loses the ability to accommodate for and focus on nearby objects
Define night myopia
Slightly nearsighted or myopic individuals. Viewing blue green light at night. Might experience blurred vision. Even crew members with perfect vision will find image sharpness decrease as pupil diameter increases
Describe how high and low-flight altitudes affect terrain interpretation
When flight altitude increases, contrast between features becomes less distinguishable and features tend to blend
As terrain definition becomes less distinct detection from altitude becomes difficult
Terrain becomes more clearly defined and contrasting greater when an aviator flies closer to the ground
This allows man-made and natural features to be more easily recognized and permits increased navigational capability
However, the viewing area of a crew member at low altitudes is smaller than at higher altitudes
With noe contour altitudes, that area is even smaller, sometimes requiring an aviator to reduce Airspeed to prevent more accurate terrain interpretation
Objects can also be identified at low altitudes by silhouetting them against the skyline
