Teaching and Learning Flashcards
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
What are the 4 needs?
an idea that there is a hierarchy of biogenic and psychogenic needs that an individual must progress through starting at the bottom and gradually working up to the top
- Physiological needs (basics like food, water, and shelter)
- Affiliative Needs (need for security, stability, and a safe environment)
- Esteem Needs (the need to feel good about oneself and one’s capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation)
- Self-Actualization Needs (the need to realize one’s full potential as a person)
What is classical conditioning?
a process where learning occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly preceded by a neutral stimulus
an example is Pavlov’s Dogs where the bell is the neutral stimulus and food is the unconditioned stimulus
What is Operant Conditioning?
What are the 4 major consequences?
learning occurs when an individual engages in specific behaviors in order to receive certain consequences
- Positive Reinforcement (desirable consequences for a specific behavior)
- Negative Reinforcement (removing undesirable consequences for a specific task)
- Extinction (removing selected variables that reinforce a specific behavior)
- Punishment (giving negative consequences for undesirable behaviors)
What is continuous reinforcement?
What is partial reinforcement?
a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs
behavior is reinforced intermittently
What is a fixed interval schedule for reinforcement?
Variable-interval schedule?
period of time between the occurrences of each instance of reinforcement is fixed or set
amount of time between reinforcements varies around a constant average
What is the affective domain of learning?
What are the specific levels of this domain?
domain primarily concerned with attitudes, values, and emotion
5 specific levels include:
- receiving
- responding
- valuing
- organization
- characterization
What is the Cognitive Domain of learning?
What are the specific levels of this domain?
Domain concerned with knowledge and understanding
6 specific levels are:
- knowledge
- comprehension
- application
- analysis
- synthesis
- evaluation
What is the Psychomotor Domain of learning?
What are the specific levels of this domain?
Domain concerned with physical action or motor skill
7 specific levels are:
- perception
- set
- guided response
- mechanism
- complex overt response
- adaptation
- origination
What are the teaching guidelines for the infant/child population?
- therapy should be interactive
- short sessions with structured play
- frequent breaks and a lot of positive reinforcement
What are the teaching guidelines for the adolescent population?
- assume the role of advocate
- build trust and incorporate patient goals
- treat them like adults and try to limit parent involvement when communicating with them
- provide clear and concise instructions
What are the teaching guidelines for the Elderly population?
- introduce new information gradually
- identify any communication loss such as hearing or visual impairments
- try to incorporate some group work to build social connection
- be patient as progress may be slow and comprehension of new material may be too
What are the teaching guidelines for the terminally ill population?
- patient goals are integral component of therapy
- encourage family involvement but respect the patient as an individual
- maximize function, safety, and comfort
- alter communication based on patient’s ability to communicate
What are the 5 stages of dying?
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
What is a unidisciplinary team model for care?
What is a multidisciplinary team model for care?
single discipline provide patient care services
many disciplines are involved in patient care working independently to achieve a common goal for the patient and most communication is via medical record
What is an interdisciplinary team model for care?
many different disciplines involved with patient care which all functionally independently but routinely report to each other and may coordinate patient care
