Teaching Practice Flashcards
(219 cards)
1
Q
How does an L1 learner acquire language?
A
An L1 learner acquires language through daily interactions and communication with parents.
2
Q
How does an L2 learner acquire language?
A
An L2 learner learns in a classroom with limited real-life practice.
3
Q
Why are L2 learners less motivated than L1 learners?
A
L2 learning is not always a necessity for communication.
4
Q
How can teachers encourage learner autonomy?
A
By allowing choices, using real-life contexts, and promoting self-assessment.
5
Q
What are the main differences between L1 and L2 learning?
A
L1 learning is natural and daily, while L2 learning is classroom-based and less immediate.
6
Q
What are the similarities between L1 and L2 learning?
A
Both follow developmental stages, require readiness, and need meaningful practice.
7
Q
How can teachers support L2 learners in classrooms?
A
By creating purposeful learning, relating lessons to real life, and providing feedback.
8
Q
What are the VAK learning styles?
A
Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles.
9
Q
How do visual learners learn best?
A
They learn best through images, charts, and reading.
10
Q
What are some internal factors affecting learning?
A
Anxiety and motivation influence learning effectiveness.
11
Q
What are external factors affecting learning?
A
Class setting, teaching style, and curriculum impact learning.
12
Q
What is a syllabus?
A
A syllabus is a structured outline of a course.
13
Q
What are key components of a syllabus?
A
Course content, objectives, assessments, teaching methods, and policies.
14
Q
What are the types of syllabi?
A
Structural, functional, situational, task-based, content-based, and notional-functional.
15
Q
What is the IRE classroom communication pattern?
A
It follows Initiation, Response, and Evaluation.
16
Q
What is the IRF communication pattern?
A
It includes Initiation, Response, and Follow-up for natural conversations.
17
Q
When should IRE be used?
A
It is useful for checking accuracy and reinforcing knowledge.
18
Q
When should IRF be used?
A
It is useful for fluency-building and natural communication.
19
Q
What is learner autonomy?
A
It is the ability of learners to take charge of their own learning.
20
Q
How can teachers promote learner autonomy?
A
By encouraging inquiry, identifying learning styles, and using self-assessment.
21
Q
What language does the Grammar Translation Method primarily use in class?
A
It uses the students’ first language (L1).
22
Q
What is the focus of the Grammar Translation Method?
A
It focuses on translation and grammatical rules.
23
Q
What is the main characteristic of the Direct Method?
A
It prohibits the use of L1 and emphasizes speaking.
24
Q
How does the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) teach language?
A
It uses repetitive drills and memorization.
25
What is the goal of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?
It focuses on real-life communication.
26
How does Task-Based Learning (TBL) teach English?
It uses English as a tool to complete tasks.
27
What is the teacher's role in the Grammar Translation Method?
The teacher explains grammar and corrects translations.
28
What is an example of a CLT activity?
Role-playing real-life conversations.
29
Why do teachers blend different methodologies?
To meet students' needs effectively.
30
What are learning outcomes?
They define what students should achieve by the end of a lesson.
31
Why are learning outcomes important?
They help teachers plan lessons effectively.
32
What are Can-Do Statements used for?
They describe specific skills students should achieve at each level.
33
What does PPP stand for in lesson planning?
Present, Practice, and Produce.
34
What does PDP stand for in lesson planning?
Pre-, During-, and Post-activity.
35
What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?
Formative is ongoing, while summative is at the end of a course.
36
Why is needs assessment important?
It helps teachers understand students' prior knowledge and goals.
37
What are receptive skills in language learning?
Reading and listening.
38
What are productive skills in language learning?
Speaking and writing.
39
Why is pair work useful in language learning?
It provides more speaking opportunities.
40
What is the difference between fluency and accuracy?
Fluency is about natural speech, while accuracy is about correctness.
41
What is a rubric used for in assessment?
It defines quality expectations for student work.
42
What is self-assessment?
Students evaluate their own work.
43
What is an example of a constructed response assessment?
Writing an essay.
44
What is an example of a selected response assessment?
A multiple-choice test.
45
How do assessments help teachers?
They guide teaching and track student progress.
46
What is assessment?
It is the process of evaluating student learning, skills, and abilities.
47
What is the purpose of assessment?
It helps teachers understand student progress and adjust instruction.
48
When is diagnostic assessment used?
At the beginning of a course to identify prior knowledge.
49
What is formative assessment?
It provides feedback during learning to guide instruction.
50
What is summative assessment?
It measures overall learning outcomes at the end of a course.
51
What is performance assessment?
It requires students to demonstrate skills through tasks or projects.
52
What is self and peer assessment?
Students assess their own or each other’s work.
53
What are examples of assessments?
Tests, quizzes, essays, presentations, and projects.
54
How should assessments be planned?
Based on learning objectives to track progress and improvement.
55
Why use L1 for giving directions?
To ensure understanding without focusing on English.
56
When should L1 be used for explanations?
When introducing new or difficult concepts.
57
Why use English for classroom language?
To expose students to everyday English.
58
What is accuracy in language learning?
Speaking or writing without errors.
59
What is fluency in language learning?
Speaking or writing naturally without frequent corrections.
60
How can fluency be practiced?
Through role-plays and interviews.
61
What is circumlocution?
Describing a word without saying it directly.
62
How does personalization help learning?
It engages students through real-life experiences.
63
What are textbook adaptations?
Modifying activities to be more interactive or relatable.
64
What is realia in teaching?
Using authentic materials like menus or advertisements.
65
What is teaching?
The transfer of knowledge from teacher to pupils.
66
What is the modern teacher’s role?
A facilitator, mentor, and collaborator.
67
What is induction and closure skill?
The ability to start and end lessons effectively.
68
What is explaining skill?
The ability to clearly present concepts to students.
69
What is questioning skill?
The ability to ask meaningful questions to engage students.
70
What is variation stimulus?
Using different teaching methods to maintain student interest.
71
What is reinforcement skill?
Providing feedback and encouragement to students.
72
What is classroom management skill?
Managing student behavior and class activities effectively.
73
What is teaching small group and individual skill?
Adapting teaching methods for different group sizes.
74
What do learning outcomes define?
What students should be able to do by the end of a lesson or course.
75
What is the purpose of vocabulary activities?
To teach aspects of a word, such as form, meaning, and use.
76
How does a word search activity support learning outcomes?
It helps students recognize spelling, understand meaning, and practice writing.
77
What is formative assessment used for?
To monitor student progress and adjust teaching accordingly.
78
What is the purpose of summative assessment?
To evaluate overall achievement at the end of a unit or course.
79
Give an example of a formative assessment for free-time activity verbs.
Picture prompts for verbal descriptions.
80
Give an example of a summative assessment for vocabulary learning.
A multiple-choice test on appropriate vocabulary.
81
What are the three aspects of vocabulary assessment?
Form, meaning, and use.
82
What is passive vocabulary?
Words students recognize but do not actively use.
83
How can passive vocabulary be assessed?
Through reading and listening activities.
84
What is active vocabulary?
Words students can use in speaking and writing.
85
Give an example of an assessment for active vocabulary.
Role-plays or writing activities.
86
What is self-assessment?
A process where students evaluate their own learning progress.
87
Give one benefit of self-assessment.
It increases learner autonomy.
88
What is a common method for teaching vocabulary?
The Present-Practice-Produce (PPP) method.
89
What are the three stages of the PPP method?
Presentation, practice, and production.
90
What is implicit vocabulary teaching?
Teaching vocabulary indirectly through exposure in context.
91
What is explicit vocabulary teaching?
Directly teaching word meanings, definitions, and word families.
92
What are the two types of language input?
Listening and reading.
93
What are the two types of language output?
Speaking and writing.
94
Why is constructive feedback important?
It helps students identify strengths and areas for improvement.
95
How can teachers encourage risk-taking in language learning?
By creating a safe environment where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities.
96
What is the difference between high-frequency words and academic word lists?
High-frequency words are common in daily conversations, while academic word lists are used in formal and academic contexts.
97
Why is learning collocations important?
It helps students use words naturally and fluently.
98
Give an example of a controlled vocabulary activity.
Matching words to pictures.
99
What are two vocabulary presentation methods?
Pictures and definitions.
100
What do controlled activities help with?
Meaning, spelling, and pronunciation.
101
How do matching activities help?
They connect words to definitions or pictures.
102
What is the purpose of crossword puzzles?
To review vocabulary in a fun way.
103
What do word family tables teach?
How words are formed.
104
How does dictionary work help students?
It teaches word meanings and collocations.
Producing Vocabulary
105
What is the goal of vocabulary production activities?
To move words from passive to active use.
106
How do role-plays help?
They provide real-life speaking practice.
107
Why are interviews useful?
They improve natural communication skills.
108
What is realia?
Real-life objects used in class.
109
Why use authentic materials?
To show real-world word usage.
110
What is an example of authentic material?
A lemonade recipe.
111
What is a benefit of dictation?
It helps with listening and spelling.
112
How does Pictionary support learning?
It reinforces vocabulary through drawing.
113
Why use a vocabulary wall?
To visually organize new words.
114
What are the three aspects of grammar?
Form, meaning, and use.
115
What does "Can you open the window?" mean?
A request or question about ability.
116
How does context affect grammar use?
It determines formality and meaning.
117
How is written communication different?
It is more structured and formal.
118
What is a feature of spoken language?
It uses contractions and fillers.
119
Why does spoken grammar omit words?
For faster, more natural speech.
120
What should you check before using an activity?
Its learning aim.
121
What is formative assessment?
Ongoing monitoring of progress.
122
What is summative assessment?
Final evaluation of learning outcomes.
123
Do students need grammar rules?
Yes, they help connect to their native language.
124
Why is metalanguage important?
It helps students understand grammar better.
125
Why are meaning and use important in grammar?
Grammar rules alone are not enough for communication.
126
What does "I'm having lunch with an old friend" indicate?
It can show present action or future plans.
127
What do communicative grammar activities focus on?
They help students use grammar in real-world contexts.
128
What is a controlled activity in grammar learning?
It focuses on forming a specific grammatical structure.
129
What is an open-ended activity?
It encourages broader language use.
130
What are the three stages of the PPP model?
Presentation, Practice, and Production.
131
How does deductive teaching work?
The teacher explains rules first, then gives examples.
132
How does inductive teaching work?
Students analyze examples to find grammar rules.
133
What is task-based teaching?
Students complete a task before learning grammar.
134
Why is feedback important in grammar teaching?
It helps students improve and correct mistakes.
135
What is corrective feedback?
It identifies and corrects grammar errors.
136
What is positive feedback?
It praises correct usage and effort.
137
How can teachers provide corrective feedback?
By guiding students to self-correct errors.
138
How can online resources help in grammar learning?
They offer extra practice and interactive exercises.
139
What are the criteria for assessing conversations?
Accuracy, fluency, appropriacy, comprehensibility.
140
What additional categories can be included in a speaking rubric?
Creativity, organization, body language.
141
Why is self and peer assessment useful?
It helps students reflect on strengths and weaknesses.
142
How can teachers create a relaxed atmosphere for speaking assessments?
By asking warm-up questions and sharing criteria
143
What is the main focus in pronunciation assessment?
Comprehensibility.
144
What should low-level students focus on in pronunciation?
Phonemes that affect comprehension.
145
What should advanced students focus on in pronunciation?
Intonation, stress, and connected speech.
146
What activity helps assess contrasting phonemes?
Phoneme contrast.
147
What activity helps assess vowel pronunciation?
Vowel and diphthong practice.
148
How can word stress be assessed?
By practicing syllable stress in words.
149
What activity helps students practice sentence stress?
Contrastive stress exercises.
150
What is an effective way to assess intonation?
Intonation pattern activities.
151
What are communicative functions?
Language used for actions like requesting and complaining.
152
Give an example of a request.
"Can you call me about the project?"
153
What is formulaic language?
Common fixed phrases in communication.
154
What is circumlocution?
Describing something in other words.
155
What is metalanguage in pronunciation?
Terms like consonant, vowel, and intonation.
156
What are suprasegmental pronunciation features?
Stress, connected speech, intonation.
157
What activity helps with stress and intonation?
Using songs and poems.
158
What is an intensive listening strategy?
Listening for specific details and recognizing word patterns.
159
What does extensive listening involve?
Predicting, making inferences, and listening for main ideas.
160
What is a two-way listening strategy?
Asking for repetition, clarification, and confirming understanding.
161
Why is practicing listening strategies important?
It improves students' listening skills and communication.
162
What is top-down listening?
Using background knowledge to understand the main idea.
163
What is an example of a top-down listening activity?
Listening to a story and writing a title.
164
What is bottom-up listening?
Focusing on specific words, grammar, and sounds.
165
What are pre-listening activities for?
Activating background knowledge and predicting content.
166
Give an example of a pre-listening activity.
Discussing pictures before listening to a story.
167
What is the purpose of during-listening activities?
To help students focus on key details while listening
168
What is an example of a during-listening activity?
Completing a cloze activity.
169
What do post-listening activities help with?
Critical thinking and making inferences.
170
What is an example of a post-listening activity?
Summarizing the audio content.
171
What is intensive listening?
A detailed focus on specific skills using bottom-up processing.
172
What is extensive listening?
Listening for fluency and enjoyment using top-down processing.
173
How can teachers give effective feedback?
By being supportive and providing specific improvement tips.
174
What is a feedback strategy for sound issues?
Explaining differences in vowel sound length.
175
How can students improve their listening comprehension?
By listening for stressed words and key phrases.
176
What is an example of a sound system activity?
Listening and repeating words or sentences.
177
What is the purpose of sound discrimination activities?
To distinguish between similar sounds.
178
Why is stress and intonation practice important?
It improves pronunciation and comprehension.
179
What is an example of a meaning-focused listening activity?
Matching pictures to conversations.
180
What is an inference-based listening activity?
Guessing meaning from implied information.
181
What is an example of applying listening information?
Filling in a chart based on a phone message.
182
Why should students practice both top-down and bottom-up listening?
Because different situations require different skills.
183
How can teachers make listening activities more engaging?
By using visual aids and interactive exercises.
184
Why is background knowledge important in listening?
It helps predict and understand spoken content.
185
What should students do if they don’t understand something while listening?
Ask for repetition or clarification.
186
What is an example of an authentic listening material?
A recorded weather report from TV or radio.
187
How should teachers handle unfamiliar vocabulary in realia?
Write words with definitions or drawings on the board.
188
When should teachers avoid using an authentic material?
When it contains too many unfamiliar words.
189
How can dialogue practice be made interactive?
By using choral repetition and pair work.
190
What is a retelling activity?
Students rewrite or retell a textbook story.
191
How can sentence strips improve listening?
Students reorder them to form dialogues.
192
What is an example of a critical thinking listening activity?
Discussing the advantages of winter sleep.
193
How can students track their extensive listening?
By keeping a listening log.
194
How do online resources help with listening skills?
They offer varied and practical listening experiences.
195
Why is extensive listening beneficial?
It improves fluency and enjoyment in language learning.
196
What is decoding in reading?
Understanding how written symbols represent sounds and words.
197
What are two key approaches to decoding?
Matching letters to sounds and recognizing whole words.
198
What should fluent readers focus on?
Both decoding and understanding meaning.
199
Why is recognizing genre important?
It helps predict text structure and purpose.
200
What is bottom-up processing?
Reading by focusing on vocabulary, grammar, and details.
201
What is top-down processing?
Understanding the general idea using background knowledge.
202
What is interactive processing?
Combining bottom-up and top-down strategies.
203
What is extensive reading?
Reading longer texts for general understanding.
204
What is intensive reading?
Reading for specific details and information.
205
How does extensive reading help fluency?
It uses top-down processing.
206
How does intensive reading help comprehension?
It combines bottom-up and top-down processing.
207
What is scanning in intensive reading?
Looking for specific information like names or dates.
208
What is skimming in extensive reading?
Quickly identifying the main idea of a text.
209
Why should teachers teach reading strategies?
To help students know when to use them effectively.
210
How can students balance top-down and bottom-up reading?
By predicting first, then focusing on details.
211
What type of skill is writing?
Writing is a productive skill.
212
Why is writing important for students?
It helps with studying abroad and international work.
213
What must writers consider before writing?
Purpose, audience, and genre.
214
What does writing communicate?
A message in context.
215
What is genre in writing?
The type of text, like a letter or shopping list.
216
What is formulaic language?
Set phrases used in specific writing genres.
217
Why does writing need accuracy?
It lacks non-verbal cues unlike speaking.
218
What is the first step in the writing process?
Idea generation through brainstorming
219
What happens in the planning step?
Organizing ideas using outlines or notes.
