Teas - Sci Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that are considered digestive?
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Lysosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosomes
A
b
2
Q
Organs repair themselves through a process of?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Cellular differentiation
D. Transformation
A
b
3
Q
Which of the following is considered a model for enzyme action?
A. Lock and Key model
B. Enzyme interaction model
C. Transformation model
D. Transcription model
A
a
4
Q
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?
A. Enzymes are catalysts.
B. Almost all enzymes are proteins.
C. Enzymes operate most efficiently at optimum pH.
D. Enzymes are destroyed during chemical reactions.
A
d
5
Q
Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is not true?
A. Prostaglandins promote inflammation.
B. Prostaglandins can only constrict blood vessels.
C. Prostaglandins are made in the renal medulla.
D. Prostaglandins can lead to pain and fever.
A
b
6
Q
Cholesterol that is known as (LDL) stands for:
A. Low-density lipoproteins
B. Low-density lysosomes
C. Level-density lipoproteins
D. Level-density lysosomes
A
a
7
Q
Hardening of the arteries is known as:
A. Atheriosclerosis
B. Venous narrowing
C. Micro-circulation
D. Hypertension
A
a
8
Q
The top number on a blood pressure reading indicates:
A. Diastolic pressure
B. Transient pressure
C. Optimum pressure
D. Systolic pressure
A
d
9
Q
Litmus paper that is blue will turn/stay _____ in the presence of a strong base.
A. Orange
B. Red
C. Blue
D. Green
A
c
10
Q
Breathing properly requires the presence of what compound that affects surface tension of alveoli in the lungs?
A. Potassium
B. Plasma
C. Surfactant
D. Sodium Chloride
A
c
11
Q
Which of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys?
A. Secretion
B. Reabsorption
C. Transport
D. Filtration
A
c
12
Q
The functional unit of the kidney is known as?
A. Medulla
B. Glomerulus
C. Pyramid
D. Nephron
A
d
13
Q
Which of the following formulas indicate the ideal gas law?
A. PV= knT or PV=RnT
B. V=kT
C. PV = k
D. KTV =PR
A
a
14
Q
Which of the following is not considered a characteristic or property of a gas?
A. Volume
B. Mass
C. Pressure
D. Particles
A
d
15
Q
Which of the following is described in the definition: An object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object?
A. Archimedes’ principle
B. Charles’ law
C. Boyle’s law
D. Anderson’s principle
A
a
16
Q
Liquids that evaporate quickly are known as _____ liquids.
A. Viscous
B. Volatile
C. Evaporative
D. Transient
A
b
17
Q
High frequency sound waves are known as:
A. Fundamental waves
B. Overtones
C. Consonance waves
D. Dissonance waves
A
b
18
Q
The first American to win a Nobel Prize was ______ for measuring the speed of light.
A. Albert Einstein
B. Albert Michelson
C. Grimaldi
D. Thomas Young
A
b
19
Q
What anatomical structure connects the stomach and the mouth?
A. Trachea
B. Spinal column
C. Hepatic duct
D. Esophagus
A
d
20
Q
The process of cytoplasm division during plant cell replication is known as?
A. Cytokinesis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Cytosynthesis
D. Cytoplasmosis
A
a
21
Q
The end products of photosynthesis are ____ and _____.
A. Oxygen and Glucose
B. Glucose and Nitrogen
C. Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide
D. Carbon Dioxide and Glucose
A
a
22
Q
Gas exchange occurs in which of following tissues?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Skin
A
c
23
Q
Which of the following organisms is considered an invertebrate?
A. Cat
B. Starfish
C. Eagle
D. Platypu
A
b
24
Q
Distance and force multiplied together indicate?
A. Power
B. Joules
C. Work
D. Energy
A
c
25
Which physical characteristic of a solution may indicate the presence of a transition element?
A. Its density
B. Its color
C. Its effect on litmus
D. Its effect on phenolphthalein
b
26
In a redox reaction the reducting agent will
A. Lose electrons and be reduced
B. Lose electrons and be oxidized
C. Gain electrons and be reduced
D. Gain electrons and be oxidized
b
27
What products are obtained with CH4(g) burns completely in an excess of oxygen?
A. CO and H2O
B. CO and C
C. CO2 and H2O
D. CO2 and CO
c
28
The aural component of balance is critical for postural control during ambulation.
Aural means related to the
A. Eyes
B. Ears
C. Nose
D. Hands
b
29
Two organisms live in a symbiotic relationship from which both benefit. This is best described as:
A. Mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism
D. Conservation
a
30
If a solution is hypotonic, what does this mean?
concentration outside is lower that inside
31
If a solution is hypertonic, what does this mean?
concentration outside is higher than inside.
32
What is endocytosis?
uptake/in
33
What is exocytosis?
Discharge/out
34
What is cell theory?
1) All Cells arise from preexisting cells
2) Cells can cary out the processes of life
3) Organisms are made of cells that function together.
35
Using the example solve for X.
75 milligrams of Demerol, a painkiller, is prescribed for a patient following surgery. The medication is available as a liquid solution, with each milliliter of solution containing 100 milligrams of Demerol. To administer the prescribed dose of 75 milligram _____ milliliters would be given?
1) 100mg/ 1ml is known
2) The complete proportion by adding the known and what is desired using X.
100mg/ 1ml = 75mg/ Xml
3) Cross multiply 100X = 75
4) Solve for X.
x= 3/4ml
36
When the chromosomes line up in mitosis this is known as which phase?
A. Telophase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
c
37
Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that are considered digestive?
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Lysosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosomes
b
38
Organs repair themselves through a process of?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Cellular differentiation
D. Transformation
b
39
Which of the following is considered a model for enzyme action?
A. Lock and Key model
B. Enzyme interaction model
C. Transformation model
D. Transcription model
a
40
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?
A. Enzymes are catalysts.
B. Almost all enzymes are proteins.
C. Enzymes operate most efficiently at optimum pH.
D. Enzymes are destroyed during chemical reactions.
d
41
Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is not true?
A. Prostaglandins promote inflammation.
B. Prostaglandins can only constrict blood vessels.
C. Prostaglandins are made in the renal medulla.
D. Prostaglandins can lead to pain and fever.
b
42
Cholesterol that is known as (LDL) stands for:
A. Low-density lipoproteins
B. Low-density lysosomes
C. Level-density lipoproteins
D. Level-density lysosomes
a
43
Hardening of the arteries is known as:
A. Atheriosclerosis
B. Venous narrowing
C. Micro-circulation
D. Hypertension
a
44
The top number on a blood pressure reading indicates:
A. Diastolic pressure
B. Transient pressure
C. Optimum pressure
D. Systolic pressure
d
45
Litmus paper that is blue will turn/stay _____ in the presence of a strong base.
A. Orange
B. Red
C. Blue
D. Green
c
46
Breathing properly requires the presence of what compound that affects surface tension of alveoli in the lungs?
A. Potassium
B. Plasma
C. Surfactant
D. Sodium Chloride
c
47
Which of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys?
A. Secretion
B. Reabsorption
C. Transport
D. Filtration
c
48
The functional unit of the kidney is known as?
A. Medulla
B. Glomerulus
C. Pyramid
D. Nephron
d
49
Which of the following formulas indicate the ideal gas law?
A. PV= knT or PV=RnT
B. V=kT
C. PV = k
D. KTV =PR
a
50
Which of the following is not considered a characteristic or property of a gas?
A. Volume
B. Mass
C. Pressure
D. Particles
d
51
Which of the following is described in the definition: An object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object?
A. Archimedes' principle
B. Charles' law
C. Boyle's law
D. Anderson's principle
a
52
Liquids that evaporate quickly are known as _____ liquids.
A. Viscous
B. Volatile
C. Evaporative
D. Transient
b
53
High frequency sound waves are known as:
A. Fundamental waves
B. Overtones
C. Consonance waves
D. Dissonance waves
b
54
The first American to win a Nobel Prize was ______ for measuring the speed of light.
A. Albert Einstein
B. Albert Michelson
C. Grimaldi
D. Thomas Young
b
55
What anatomical structure connects the stomach and the mouth?
A. Trachea
B. Spinal column
C. Hepatic duct
D. Esophagus
d
56
The process of cytoplasm division during plant cell replication is known as?
A. Cytokinesis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Cytosynthesis
D. Cytoplasmosis
a
57
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis
58
expression
a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
59
Reflex
an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.
60
Hyaline cartilage
Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose
61
What are the 7 parts of the respiratory system?
1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx (voice box)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli
62
Anatomy
The study of the structure and organization of living organisms
63
Physiology
The study of the function and mechanisms of living organisms
64
DNA
The genetic material that carries the instructions for the development and function of all living organisms
65
Proteins
Complex molecules made up of amino acids that perform a variety of functions in the body, including structural support, communication, and regulation
66
Metabolism
The chemical reactions that occur in an organism to maintain life and support growth and reproduction
67
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism
68
Evolution
The process by which different species of organisms have developed and diversified over time through natural selection
69
Epithelial tissue
A type of tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs
70
Connective tissue
A type of tissue that supports and binds other tissues in the body
71
Endocrine system
A system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions
72
Lymphatic system
The system that includes the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and other structures
73
Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element
74
Bond
The chemical force that holds atoms together in a compound
75
Compound
A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio
76
Electrolyte
A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water
77
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
78
Enzyme
A protein that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in living organisms
79
Hydrogen Bond
A weak chemical bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and another atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen
80
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
81
Isotope
A variation of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in its nucleus
82
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
83
Molecule
A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
84
Nuclear Fusion
The process by which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy
85
Organic Compound
A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen, and often other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur
86
Polymer
A large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers
87
Redox Reaction
A chemical reaction in which one or more atoms have their oxidation state changed
88
Solution
A mixture of a solute and a solvent
89
Subatomic Particle
A particle smaller than an atom, such as an electron, proton, or neutron
90
Valence Electron
An electron in the outermost shell of an atom that is involved in chemical bonding
91
Femur
The longest bone in the human body
92
Medulla oblongata
The structure that connects the brain to the spinal cord
93
Prokaryotic cell
A simple cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
94
Meiosis
The process of cell division in which the cell splits into four non-identical daughter cells
95
Passive transport
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane that does not require energy
96
Silicon
Valence electrons: 4
97
Same element bond
Covalent bond
98
Phosphorus
Valence electrons: 5
99
Myocardial infarction
A heart attack characterized by chest pain and shortness of breath
100
Vena cava
The structure that carries oxygen-poor blood from the body to the heart
101
Aorta
The structure that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body
102
Pylorus
The structure that connects the stomach to the small intestine
103
Sigmoid colon
The structure that connects the large intestine to the rectum
104
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The structure that connects the tongue to the brain
105
Mitochondria
The organelle in a cell responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP
106
Eukaryotic cell
A more complex cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
107
DNA
The genetic material in living organisms that carries the information for the development and function of all living things
108
Macromolecules
The three main types are carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
109
Mitosis
The process of cell division in which the cell splits into two identical daughter cells
110
Endocrine system
The system responsible for regulating the body's growth, metabolism, and organ function through the production and secretion of hormones
111
Active transport
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane that requires energy
112
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume other organisms
113
Autotroph
An organism that can produce its own food
114
Hydrochloric acid
Chemical formula: HCl
115
Ionic bond
Metal and nonmetal bond
116
Hydrogen bond
Forms between a hydrogen atom and another atom
117
Deductive Reasoning: is a method where by conclusions follow from general principles
is a method where by conclusions follow from general principles
* Deductive reasoning is when conclusions follow a general principle
118
Hierarchy Structure of Human Body
* Organism
* Organ System
* Organs
* Tissue
* Cells
* Molecules
* Atoms
119
Circulatory System
: This system works as the transportation system for substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body
* Aka Cardiovascular system
* Heart, Blood Vessels & Blood
120
Endocrine System:
This system controls body functions
* Glands such as Pineal, Pituitary, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Thyroid, Thymus, Adrenal
* Regulate growth and metabolism
121
Integumentary System:
This system protects internal tissues from injury, waterproofs the body, and helps regulate body temperature. This system also serves as a barrier to foreign substances
* Skin, Mucous membranes, Hair, Nails
122
Lymphatic System:
This system helps cleanse the blood and house the white blood cells that are involved in protecting the body from environmental pathogens
* Lymph nodes, Lymph vessels, Spleen, Thymus, Tonsils
* Supports Immune system housing and transport white blood cells to and from lymph nodes
123
Heart
* 4 Valves prevent flow of blood back into the hearts chambers after a contraction
o Right Side = Tricuspid & Pulmonary
o Left Side = Mitral & Aortic
* Flow of blood into heart
o Deoxygenated blood enters Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
o Blood travels into Right Atrium
o During contraction flows through Tricuspid Valve
o Into Right Ventricle
o Blood pushed through Pulmonary Valve
o Into Pulmonary Artery
o & Lungs when Right Ventricle contracts = picks up oxygen
o Left Atrium through Mitral Valve
o L Ventricle
o Contraction L Ventricle forces blood through
o Aorta & out the entire body
124
Nerve System = 3 main functions
* Provide Sensory
* Motor
* Integrative Functions to the body
125
What function do ribosomes serve within the cell
Ribosomes aid in protein synthesis.
126
How do DNA and RNA function together as part of the human genome
RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm.
127
Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype
The CFTR gene, which causes cystic fibrosis
128
What type of molecules are enzymes
Protein molecules
129
Fill in the blanks in the following sentence:
Enzymes are ________ molecules that serve as _______ for certain biological reactions
large; catalysts
130
Which statement below correctly describes the movement of molecules in the body and/or in relation to the external environment
Diffusion is the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood.
131
Which of the statements below list the correct function of the digestive system organ? (Select all that apply.)
The large intestine reabsorbs water into the body to form solid waste.
The liver produces bile, which aids digestion by emulsifying fats after they have passed through the stomach.
The ileum functions to recover vitamins, salts, and nutrients from the chyme before it passes into the large intestine.
132
Which of the following describes one responsibility of the integumentary system
Removal of excess heat from body
133
Which of the following accurately describes the path of blood through the heart
After traveling through the lungs, oxygenated blood enters into the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
134
Which of the following body systems controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamin D
The integumentary system
135
Which of the following choices best describes the location of the trachea in relation to the esophagus
Anterior
136
Which of the following best describes a plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
Transverse
137
Which of the following substances is NOT a product of respiration
Oxygen
138
Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is the
Pulmonary artery
139
Which of the following does NOT exist in RNA
Thymine
140
If a biologist is describing the physical and visible expression of a genetic trait, which of the following is he or she referring to
Phenotype
141
Which type of cell secretes antibodies?
Plasma cells
142
Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
143
Where does gas exchange occur in the human body?
Alveoli
144
A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity?
Active artificial immunity
145
Which of the following items is a true statement about the immune system?
The immune system helps the body avoid, detect, and eliminate infections.
146
Long bones are one of the five major types of bone in the human body. Which of the following bones are long bones? (Select all that apply.)
Clavicle
Ulna
Fibula
Humerus
147
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?
Adipose
148
Which of the following stimulates adaptive immunity
Phagocytes
149
What are groups of cells that perform the same function called?
Tissues
150
Which of the following describes the difference between an anabolism reaction and a catabolism reaction?
Anabolism undergoes condensation reactions, while catabolism undergoes hydrolysis.
151
What is the process called in which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid?
Condensation
152
Which of the following lists the normal blood flow through the heart?
Right atria, right ventricle, lungs, left atria, left ventricle, body
153
Which of the following statements properly describes how the structure moves during inspiration?
The diaphragm moves downward on inspiration.
154
Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, making oxygen available for cell use. What is hemoglobin?
A protein
155
The respiratory system ______ oxygen for and _______ carbon dioxide from the circulatory system.
provides; removes
156
Which of the following describes the transport network that is responsible for the initial transference of proteins throughout a cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
157
The spine and hips belong to which of the following bone types?
Irregular bones
158
Which of the following are functions of the integumentary system? (Select all that apply.)
Protecting internal tissues from injury
Waterproofing the body
Participate in regulating body temperature
159
Which of the following terms is used to describe muscular contractions that move food material through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
160
Which of the following are types of muscle tissue found in the human body? (Select all that apply
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
161
Which force motivates filtration in the kidneys?
Blood pressure
162
Which statement correctly matches the valve with its function in the heart?
The aortic valve allows oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
163
In order for mammals to survive, their blood pH must be kept fairly constant (very close to 7.4). Which two organs play the MOST IMPORTANT role in regulating blood pH in mammals?
Kidneys and lungs
164
Which of the following are examples of homeostatic mechanisms? (Select all that apply.)
Shivering when the body temperature falls
Secreting insulin to decrease blood sugar concentration
Increasing heart rate when blood pressure is low
165
Which section of the digestive system is responsible for receiving chyme and further digesting it?
The duodenum
166
Which of the following anatomical structures produce hormones? (Select all that apply.)
Pituitary
Pancreas
Prostate
167
168
Which of the heart chambers is the largest?
Left ventricle
169
Ligaments connect what?
Bone to bone
170
Which of the following areas of the body has the most sweat glands?
Upper back
171
A pediatrician notes that an infant's cartilage is disappearing and being replaced by bone. What process has the doctor observed?
Ossification
172
Which of the following functions corresponds to the parasympathetic nervous system?
It stimulates digestion.
173
Where does sperm maturation take place in the male reproductive system?
Epididymis
174
Which of the following touch receptors respond to light touch and slower vibrations?
Meissner’s corpuscles
175
A cluster of capillaries that functions as the main filter of the blood entering the kidney is known as which of the following?
The glomerulus
176
What is the name for the sac-shaped structures in which carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange takes place?
Alveoli
177
Which structure serves as the electrical stimulator of the cardiac muscle?
The sinoatrial node
178
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism?
Thyroid hormone
179
The following are four of the stages of meiosis 1. Put them in the correct order.
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
180
Which accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system is responsible for storing and concentrating bile?
Gallbladder
181
Which organ is responsible for filtering waste products out of the bloodstream?
Kidneys
