Tech101 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the main components of an atom?
A nucleus (protons & neutrons) and an electron cloud.
What is the atomic radius approximately?
~10⁻¹⁰ m.
What is the nuclear radius approximately?
~10⁻¹⁵ m.
What defines atomic species?
Isotopes, Isotones, Isobars, and Isomers.
What is a stable nucleus characterized by?
Balanced neutron-to-proton ratios.
What is the definition of an atomic mass unit (u)?
1/12 the mass of a ¹²C atom.
What is the electron rest energy?
0.511 MeV.
What determines the chemical properties of an atom?
Outer shell electrons (valence).
What are the discrete shells where electrons exist?
K, L, M, etc.
What occurs when an electron falls into a lower energy state?
X-ray emission.
What are the four fundamental forces?
- Strong nuclear force
- Electromagnetic force
- Weak nuclear force
- Gravitational force
What holds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus?
Strong nuclear force.
What is emitted when a nucleus in an excited state decays?
Gamma rays.
What are the two categories of elementary particles?
- Fermions (matter particles)
- Bosons (force carriers)
What is the role of the Higgs boson?
Gives mass to particles.
What does De Broglie’s hypothesis state about particles?
Particles also exhibit wave properties.
What does the wave model of electromagnetic radiation consist of?
Oscillating electric & magnetic fields.
What is the relationship between energy and frequency in the quantum model?
E = hν.
What is the photon energy equation used for?
Calculating energy in eV for λ in meters.
Fill in the blank: The energy-mass equivalence formula is _______.
E = mc²
Fill in the blank: The photon energy relation is _______.
E = hν
Fill in the blank: The wave relation is _______.
c = λν
What is the importance of neutron-proton ratio in nuclear stability?
It determines the stability of the nucleus.
What concept explains the stability of a nucleus?
Binding energy & mass defect.
