Technical Support Fundamentals Glossery Flashcards
1
Q
404 Not Found
A
An error message you might see on websites that have been moved or deleted
2
Q
Abstraction
A
To take a relatively complex system and simplify it for our use
3
Q
Address bus
A
Connects the CPU to the MCC and sends over the location of the data
4
Q
Algorithm
A
A series of steps that solves specific problems.
5
Q
Android
A
A mobile operating system based on Linux
6
Q
Application
A
A computer program designed for a specific use
7
Q
Application software
A
Any software created to fulfill a specific need
8
Q
ARPANET
A
The earliest version of the Internet that we see today
9
Q
ASCII
A
The oldest character encoding standard used is ASCII. It represents the English alphabet
10
Q
Assembly language
A
A language that allowed computer scientists to use human readable instructions
11
Q
ATA
A
The most common interface that hard drives use to connect to our system ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended)
12
Q
Backward compatible
A
It means older hardware works with newer hardware
13
Q
Binary system
A
The communication that a computer uses is referred to as binary system
14
Q
Bios (Basic Input Output Services)
A
The BIOS is software that helps initialize the hardware in our computer and gets our operating system up and running
15
Q
BIOS/UEFI
A
A low-level software that initializes our computer’s hardware to make sure everything is good to go
16
Q
Block storage
A
It improves faster handling of data because the data isn’t stored in one long piece but in blocks
17
Q
Boot
A
To start up a computer
18
Q
Bootloader
A
A small program that loads the operating system
19
Q
Browser
A
A user interface for displaying and interacting with web pages
20
Q
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
A
Refers to the practice of allowing people to use their own personal devices for work
21
Q
Byte
A
A group of 8 bits
22
Q
Cache
A
The assigned stored location for recently or frequently accessed data; on a mobile app it is where anything that was changed or created with that app is stored
23
Q
Character encoding
A
Is used to assign our binary values to characters so that we as humans can read them
24
Q
Charge cycle
A
One full charge and discharge of a battery
25
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
Regulates the information we show to children under the age of 13
26
Chipset
It decides how components talk to each other on our machine
27
Chrome OS
A Linux-based operating system designed by Google
28
Clients
A device that receives data from a server
29
Clock cycle
When you send a voltage to the clock wire
30
Clock speed
The maximum number of clock cycles that it can handle in a set in a certain time period
31
Clock wire
When you send or receive data
32
Coding
Translating one language to another
33
Command Line Interface (CLI)
A shell that uses text commands to interact with the operating system
34
Compiled programming language
A language that uses human readable instructions
35
Computer
A device that stores and processes data by performing calculations
36
Computer file
Data that we store and a file can be anything
37
Copyright
Used when creating original work
38
CPU
Central processing unit
39
CPU sockets
A CPU socket is a series of pins that connect a CPU’s processor to the PC’s motherboard
40
Cryptography
The overarching discipline that covers the practice of coding and hiding messages from third parties
41
DARPA
A US government project in the 1960s that went on to create the earliest version of the Internet that we see today
42
Data blocks
Data that can be broken down into many pieces and written to different parts of the hard disk
43
Data sizes
Metrics that refer to data sizes including bit
44
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
A type of RAM that is faster
45
Decimal form- base 10 system
In the decimal system
46
Desktop
The main screen where we can navigate our files
47
DIMM
Dual Inline Memory Module
48
Display port
Port which also outputs audio and video
49
Distribution
A version of the operating system
50
Distributions
Some common Linux distributions are Ubuntu
51
Domain Name System (DNS)
A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters
52
DRAM
Dynamic Random Access Memory
53
Drivers
The drivers contain the instructions our CPU needs to understand external devices like keyboards
54
DVI
DVI cables generally just output video
55
Electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharge is a sudden and momentary flow of electric current between two electrically charged objects caused by contact
56
Error message
Helpful indicators that can point you in the right direction
57
Etcher.io
A tool you can use to load an install image onto your USB device and make it bootable
58
Ethernet cable
It lets you physically connect to the network through a cable .exe
59
Expansion slots
Give us the ability to increase the functionality of our computer External Data Bus (EDB)
60
Factory reset
Resetting a device to the settings it came with from the factory
61
Fiber optic cable
Fiber optic cables contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper
62
File extension
The appended part of a filename that tells us what type of file it is in certain operating systems
63
File handling
A process of storing data using a program
64
File system
A system used to manage files
65
Finder
The file manager for all Macs
66
Firmware
Software that's permanently stored on a computer component Folders/Directories
67
Form factor
A mathematical way to compensate for irregularities in the shape of an object by using a ratio between its volume and height
68
GIT
A version control system that helps keep track of changes made to files and directories
69
Globalization
The movement that lets governments
70
Hard drive
It is a long term memory component that holds all of our data
71
Hardware
External or internal devices and equipment that help you perform major functions
72
Hardware resource deficiency
It refers to the lack of system resources like memory
73
HDD (Hard disk drive)
Hard disk drives
74
HDMI
A type of cable that outputs both video and audio
75
Heatsink
It is used to dissipate heat from our CPU
76
HFS+/APFS
HFS+ is a journaling system developed by Apple Inc. and APFS is another but more encrypted Apple journaling system
77
Hostname
Used to identify the computer when it needs to talk to other computers Hubs
78
Information technology
The use of digital technology
79
Input/Output device
A device that performs input and output
80
Install image
A downloadable operating system image used to install an operating system on a device
81
Instruction set
A list of instructions that our CPU is able to run
82
Internet
A worldwide system of interconnected networks
83
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
Where website names are registered
84
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
An address that consists of 32 bits separated into four groups
85
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
An address that consist of a 128 bits
86
Internet service provider (ISP)
A company that provides a consumer an internet connection
87
Internet of Things (IoT)
The concept that more and more devices are connected to the internet in a smarter fashion such as smart thermostats that turn off the air conditioner when you leave and turn it on when you come back
88
Interpreted programming language
A language that isn't compiled ahead of time I/O management
89
IP address
The most common protocol used in the network layer
90
ITX (Information Technology eXtended)
A form factor for motherboards that is much smaller than ATX boards
91
Kernel
The main core of an operating system that creates processes
92
Land Grid Array (LGA)
It is a type of CPU socket that stick out of the motherboard
93
Lightning adaptor
One of the standard power
94
Linux OS
Linux is one of the largest an open source operating system used heavily in business infrastructure and in the consumer space
95
Logic gates
Allow transistors to do more complex tasks
96
Logs
Files that record system events on our computer
97
MAC address
A globally unique identifier attached to an individual network interface. It's a 48- bit number normally represented by six groupings of two hexadecimal numbers
98
Mac OS
Apple's operating system
99
Mb/s
megabit per second
100
Memory controller chip (MCC)
A bridge between the CPU and the RAM
101
Memory usage
The amount of memory available in your system as well as what memory is currently being used by other applications
102
Memory management
One of the functions that a kernel performs; it optimizes memory usage and make sure our applications have enough memory to run
103
Metadata
Tells us everything we need to know about a file
104
Micro display port
One of the standard power
105
Micro HDMI
One of the standard power
106
Micro USB
One of the standard power
107
Microsoft Terminal Services Client
A client program used to create RDP connections to remote computers
108
Mini HDMI
One of the standard power
109
Mini USB
One of the standard power
110
Motherboard
The body or circulatory system of the computer that connects all the pieces together
111
Network
The interconnection of computers
112
Network Address Translation (NAT)
A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network
113
Network stack
A set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure for a computer Networking
114
Networking protocols
A set of rules for how we transfer data in a network Northbridge
115
NVMe (NVM Express)
interface standard which allows greater throughput of data and increased efficiency.
116
Open SSH
The most popular program to use SSH within Linux
117
Open Source
This means the developers will let other developers share
118
Operating system
The whole package that manages our computers resources and lets us interact with it
119
Overclocking
it increases the rate of your CPU clock cycles in order to perform more tasks
120
PC
It means personal computer
121
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
Allows computing to go mobile
122
Peripherals
the external devices which we connect to our computer that add functionality
123
Permission denied
An error message you might find when accessing a protected file Pin Grid Array (PGA)
124
Plink (PuTTY Link)
A tool built into the command line after PuTTY is installed that is used to make remote SSH connections
125
Ports
Connection points that we can connect devices to that extend the functionality of our computer
126
POST (Power On Self Test)
It figures out what hardware is on the computer Powershell
127
Process management
The capacity to manage the many programs in a system - when to run them
128
Process scheduler
The part of the kernel that makes multitasking possible Programming
129
Programming language
Special languages that software developers use to write instructions for computers to execute
130
Programs
Basic instructions that tell the computer what to do
131
Punch cards
A sequence of cards with holes in them to automatically perform calculations instead of manually entering them by hand
132
Qwiklabs
An online platform which provides training in cloud services
133
RAM
Random Access Memory
134
Registers
An accessible location for storing the data that our CPU works with
135
Reimaging
The process of reimaging involves wiping and reinstalling an operating system using a disk image which is a copy of an operating system
136
Remote connection
The ability to connect an authorized person to a computer or network remotely; allows us to manage multiple machines from anywhere in the world
137
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
A secure network communication protocol developed by Microsoft that allows a user to connect to another device remotely
138
Return merchandise authorization (RMA)
The process of receiving returned merchandise and authorizing a refund
139
RGB model
RGB or red
140
Router
A device that knows how to forward data between independent networks RPM
141
SATA
The most popular serial ATA drive
142
Safe operating temperature
The temperature range in which rechargeable batteries must be kept in order to avoid demanage
143
Scalability
The measure of a system’s ability to increase or decrease in performance and cost in response to varying loads in system processing demands
144
SDRAM
It stands for Synchronous DRAM
145
Server logs
Text files that contains recorded information about activities performed on a specific web server in a defined period of time
146
Servers
Devices that provide data to other devices that request that data
147
Scripting
Coding in a scripting language
148
Script
It is run by an interpreter
149
Scripts
Mainly used to perform a single or limited range task
150
Shell
A program that interprets text commands and sends them to the OS to execute Standoffs
151
SOC (System On a Chip)
Packs the CPU
152
Software
The intangible instructions that tell the hardware what to do
153
Software bug
An error in software that causes unexpected results
154
Software management
A broad term used to refer to any and all kinds of software that are designed to manage or help manage some sort of project or task
155
Southbridge
It maintains our IO or input/output controllers
156
SSH (Secure shell)
A protocol implemented by other programs to securely access one computer from another.
157
SSH authentication key
A secure authentication method for accessing a computer from other device
158
SSH client
A program you must have installed on your device in order to establish an SSH connection with another device
159
SSH server
Software installed on a machine that allows for that device to accept an SSH connection
160
Standardization
A systematic way of naming hosts
161
Swap space
The allocated space where the virtual memory is stored on the hard drive when the amount of physical memory space is used up or full
162
SSD
Solid State Drive
163
Switches
Devices that help our data travel
164
System
A system refers to a group of hardware components and software components that work together to fun the programs or processes in the computer
165
System settings
Settings like display resolution
166
System software
Software used to keep our core system running
167
Task bar
It gives us quick options and shows us information like network connectivity
168
Terminal
A text based interface to the computer
169
Thermal paste
A substance used to better connect our CPU and heat sink
170
Time slice
A very short interval of time that gets allocated to a process for CPU execution
171
Transfer Control Protocol (TCP)
A protocol that handles reliable delivery of information from one network to another
172
Troubleshooting
The ability to diagnose and resolve a problem
173
Type-C connector
A type of USB connector meant to replace many peripheral connections
174
Ubuntu
The most popular Linux consumer distribution
175
UEFI
United Extensible Firmware Interface
176
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
A connection standard for connecting peripherals to devices such as computers
177
USB-C adapter
One of the standard power
178
UTF-8
The most prevalent encoding standard used today
179
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A web address similar to a home address User name
180
User space
The aspect of an operating system that humans interact with directly like programs
181
Virtual Box
An application you can use to install Linux and have it completely isolated from your machine
182
Virtual machine (VM)
An application that uses physical resources like memory
183
Virtual memory
A combination of hard drive space and RAM that acts like memory which our processes can use
184
VPN (Virtual private network)
A secure method of connecting a device to a private network over the internet
185
WannaCry Attack
A cyber attack that started in Europe and infected hundreds of thousands of computers across the world
186
Wireless networking (Wi-Fi)
Networks you connect to through radios and antennas
187
World Wide Web (WWW)
The information system that enables documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet
