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Sampada 1 > Technical terms > Flashcards

Technical terms Flashcards

Sangeetham, Sruthi, Swaram, Arohanam, Avarohanam, Murchana, Sthayi, Purvangam, Utharangam, Dhathu, Mathu, Aksharakala, Trikala, Thouryatrikam, Talam, Avarthanam, Talangas, Jati, Saptatalas, Bharatam, Gandharvam, Nadham,

1
Q

Sangeetham

A
  • Indian term for MUSIC
  • melodious/pleasant music
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2
Q

Vocal+Instrumental+Dance

A

Sangeetham
*eventually, dance was seperated.

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3
Q

Sruthi

A
  • Audible sound heard distinctly
  • musical sound (can be detected by well trained ears)
    -ADHARA SHADJAM (all swarams derived from here)
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4
Q

Swaram

A
  • Musical note, pleasing to ears
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5
Q

Arohanam

A

Series of swarams in ASCENDING ORDER
(S R G M P D N S)

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6
Q

Avarohanam

A

Series of swarams in DESCENDING ORDER
(S N D P M G R S)

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7
Q

Murchanam

A

Arohanam & Avarohanam sung together

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8
Q

Sthayi

A

Series of swarams, beginning w/ SA and ending w/ NI (OCTAVE)

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9
Q

5 Sthayis

A

Anu-mandra, Mandra, Madhya, Thara, Ati-Thara

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10
Q

Normal range of human voice

A

Mandra, madhya, thara sthayis

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11
Q

Swarams lower than madhya sthayi SA form…

A

Mandra sthayi

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12
Q

Swarams higher than Madhya sthayi NI form…

A

Thara Sthayi

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13
Q

Where are anu-mandra & Ati-thara Sthayi sometimes used?

A

Instrumental Music

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14
Q

How many dots do anu-mandra sthayi swaras have?

A

Two, below

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15
Q

How many dots do mandra sthayi swaras have?

A

One, below

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16
Q

How many dots do madhya sthayi swaras have?

A

0

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17
Q

How many dots do thara sthayi swaras have?

A

One, above

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18
Q

How many dots do ati-thara sthayi swaras have?

A

Two, above

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19
Q

Purvangam

A

Group of first 4 swarams
(Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma)

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20
Q

Uttarangam

A

Group of last 3 swaras (Pa, Dha, Ni)

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21
Q

Dhathu(vu)

A

Swaram

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22
Q

Mathu(vu)

A

Sahityam

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23
Q

Akshara Kala

A

Unit time in music (Ex: Chaturasra Jati Dhruva talam has 14 akshara kalas)

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24
Q

Kala

A

Speed of musical piece

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25
Prathama Kala
1 note per akshara kala/beat
26
Dvithiya Kala
2 notes per akshara kala
27
Tritiya kala
4 notes per akshara kala
28
Thouryatrikam
Music, Instrumental & dance combined
29
Talam
Musical time or measure
30
Avarthanam
1 COMPLETE cycle of talam
31
How may talangas are there?
6
32
Laghu symbol
I
33
Number of aksharas in laghu
3/4/5/7/9 (depending on jati)
34
dhrutham symbol
O
35
No. of aksharas in dhrutham
2
36
anudhrutham symbol
U
37
No. of aksharas in anudhrutam
1
38
Guru symbol
8
39
No. of aksharas in guru
8
40
plutam symbol
8^1
41
No. of aksharas in plutam
12
42
Kakapadam symbol
+
43
No. of aksharas in kakapadam
16
44
Which of the shadangas has variations in number of aksharas?
laghu
45
thisra
3
46
chaturasra
4
47
khanda
5
48
mishra
7
49
sankeerna
9
50
Dhruva talam symbol
IOII
51
Matya talam symbol
IOI
52
Rupaka talam symbol
OI
53
Jhampa talam symbol
IUO
54
Triputa talam symbol
IO
55
Ata talam symbol
IIOO
56
Eka talam symbol
I
57
Who brought Gandharvam (music) to Bhooloka?
Bharata muni
58
Gandharvam
refers to Sangeetham
59
Gandharva Ghanam
Music performed by the Gandharvas
60
Bharatham
attributes of music
61
Syllable "Bha" in Bharatam
Bhavam (expression)
62
Syllable "ra" in Bharatam
Ragam
63
Syllable "tha" in Bharatam
Talam
64
Naadham
Sound generated by prana (life) & agni (fire)
65
2 types of Naadham
Ahata naadham Anahata naadham
66
How do we get 35 talams?
Saptatalas * Panchajatis = 35 talams
67
What are the 3 most used talangas?
Laghu, dhrutam, anu-dhrutam
68
Of the 3 most used talangas, which two are fixed?
dhrutam, anu-dhrutam
69
How do the # of aksharas in a laghu vary?
based on the jati
70
How to write thisra jati laghu
I(3)
70
How to write chaturasra jati laghu
I(4)
71
How to write khanda jati laghu
I(5)
72
How to write mishra jati laghu
I(7)
73
How to write Sankeerna jati laghu
I(9)
74
Which of the four vedas did Indian music come from?
Sama Veda | It's also known as Gandharva Veda.
75
What are the 5 (ahata) naadams humans can produce?
* Ati sukshma (through the naval part, very subtle) * Sukshma (through the heart, subtle) * Pushta (through the voice box, strong) * Apushta (through the head, soft) * Kritrima (through the nose, artificial)
76
What are Ahata and Anahata naadam?
**Ahata: **Produced in human body & by instruments **Anahata: **can't be heard by human ears
77
Naadam produced by the human body | (Ex-Singing)
Shaariraja
78
Naadam produced by fingers/nails on string instruments | (Ex- Veena)
Nakhaja
79
Naadam produced by bowed instruments | (EX- Violin)
Dhanurja
80
Naadam produced by wind instruments | (Ex-Flute)
Vaayuja
81
Naadam produced by percussion instruments | (Ex-Mridangam)
Charmaja
82
Naadam produced by metal instruments | (Ex- Bell)
Lohaja
83
What happens if naadam is practiced in the correct way?
He/She evolves into a supreme human being and becomes one with the Brahman (god).
84
Why is Sa called Shadjam?
Because it comes from 6 places in the mouth | Shad = 6
85
Why is Ri called Rishabam?
It is meant to be strong like a bull | vrishaba = bull
86
Why is Ga called Gandharam?
It is meant to sound fine and blissful
87
Why is Ma called Madhyamam?
It is the middle note | madhya = middle
88
89
Why is Pa called Panchamam?
It is the 5th note | Pancha = 5
90
Why is Dha called Dhaivatam?
It is meant to sound valorous
91
Why is Ni called Nishadam?
It's the ultimate note

Sampada 1 (8 decks)

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