Techniques And Linguistics Used In Propaganda

Question 1

What are linguistics?

Answer 1

The scientific study of language

Question 2

What are the sub areas of linguistics?

Answer 2

Phonetics
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics

Question 3

What is phonetics?

Answer 3

Production, acoustics and hearing of speech sounds

Question 4

What is phonology?

Answer 4

The patterning of sounds

Question 5

What is morphology?

Answer 5

Structure of words

Question 6

What is syntax?

Answer 6

Structure of sentences

Question 7

What is semantics?

Answer 7

The meaning of words

Question 8

What is pragmatics?

Answer 8

Language in context

Question 9

What are literary devices?

Answer 9

Structures used by writers to better covey their message to their audience(s)

Question 10

What are the fourteen main literary devices?

Answer 10

Poetic turn of phrase
Rhetorical Questions
Hyperbole
Understatement
Repetition
Generalisations
Clichés
Emotive language
Statistics and facts
Identification of the enemy 
Pronouns
Jargon
Tautology
Figures of Speech

Question 11

What is a poetic turn of phrase?

Answer 11

A distinctive way of saying something

Question 12

Why is a poetic turn of phrase effective?

Answer 12

It identifies the people with the speaker as well as impressing them with the speaker’s superior knowledge

Question 13

What is an example of poetic turn of phrase in Animal Farm?

Answer 13

Old Major addresses his audience as “comrades”

He also says that he has “lived for twelve years

Question 14

What is a rhetorical question?

Answer 14

A question that is posed to the audience, but of which an answer is not expected
The speaker or writer often answers the question themselves

Question 15

Why is a rhetorical question effective?

Answer 15

It makes the audience feel as if they are interacting with the speaker

Question 16

What must you do when analysing a rhetorical question?

Answer 16

Identify the tone
Identify the effect on the audience
Discuss the reaction of the audience
Identify the point the speaker is trying to promote

Question 17

What is a hyperbole?

Answer 17

A figure of speech

An exaggeration of ideas

Question 18

What is the effectiveness of a hyperbole?

Answer 18

It is used for emphasis

Question 19

What does a hyperbole do?

Answer 19

It magnifies the subject that the speaker is talking about
To vilify
To intensify emotion

Question 20

Give an example of a hyperbole in Animal Farm?

Answer 20

“All men are evil”

Question 21

What is an understatement?

Answer 21

The opposite of a hyperbole

Question 22

What does an understatement do?

Answer 22

It makes a situation seem less important than it is

Question 23

What is repetition?

Answer 23

When a word or phrase is repeated

Question 24

What does repetition do?

Answer 24

It makes it easier for the audience to recall it at a later stage
It ensures that the audience remembers
Desired effect is indoctrination

Question 25

What kind of things are repeated?

Answer 25

Tends to be hypnotic | Rhythmic structure

Question 26

What must you do when analysing repetition?

Answer 26

Identify the word or phrase | Explain the importance

Question 27

Where is repetition shown in Animal Farm?

Answer 27

"Four legs good, two legs bad" is repeated by the sheep

Question 28

What are generalisations?

Answer 28

Taking a few facts and making a broader statement to characterise a group of people or things

Question 29

Why are generalisations sometimes false?

Answer 29

There may be examples of individuals where this generalisation does not apply

Question 30

What must you do when analysing generalisations?

Answer 30

Identify it Discuss what it implies Discuss the reactions of the audience

Question 31

What is an example of a generalisation from Animal Farm?

Answer 31

"All men are enemies" | This may not be the case in individual men

Question 32

What is a cliché?

Answer 32

An overused phrase or opinion

Question 33

What is the effect of a cliché?

Answer 33

The audience is comfortable with familiar phrases | It makes them feel as if they have something in common with the speaker

Question 34

What must you do when analysing clichés?

Answer 34

Identify it | Discuss the meaning of it

Question 35

What is emotive language?

Answer 35

The deliberate choice of words to elicit emotion

Question 36

What does emotive language entail?

Answer 36

Adjectives, verbs and adverbs are often used to make it | Words that have emotional connotations are used

Question 37

Why is emotive language effective?

Answer 37

It holds an influence over your emotions | It makes the language more vivid

Question 38

When analysing emotive language, what must you do?

Answer 38

The specific words must be identified The meaning must be explained Look at the attitude of these words

Question 39

What is an example of emotive language in Animal Farm?

Answer 39

"Beasts of England" has lots of emotive language

Question 40

How are statistics and facts used in linguistics?

Answer 40

To add credibility | They can be distorted to support the speaker's point, since partial facts may be used

Question 41

What is identification of the enemy?

Answer 41

It simplifies a complex situation by presenting a specific person/thing as the enemy

Question 42

How is identification of the enemy effective?

Answer 42

It unifies the audience against the enemy Shifts the focus off the speaker themselves Allows the speaker to link to fear

Question 43

What effect do too few pronouns illicit?

Answer 43

The speaker appears distant

Question 44

What effect do too many pronouns illicit?

Answer 44

The speaker seems aggressive or manipulative

Question 45

What are the four types of pronouns?

Answer 45

I We You He/she or they/them

Question 46

What does the use of I suggest?

Answer 46

Power and significance If used too much, it can portray self importance In persuasive language it shows commitment

Question 47

What does the use of we suggest?

Answer 47

It bonds and connects thoughts and feelings It makes it seem as if each individual must comply with group values and rules It suggests inclusiveness, unity and equality, although this may be an illusion

Question 48

What does the use of you suggest?

Answer 48

Since it is both singular and plural, it can make it seem as if the speaker is addressing each person individually "You" can also be used to accuse "You" can also be used to show flattery

Question 49

What does the use of he/she or they/them suggest?

Answer 49

It separates the people spoken of from the audience

Question 50

What is jargon?

Answer 50

It is a type of language that only makes sense in a particular context

Question 51

What is tautology?

Answer 51

Repeating something by using different words

Question 52

What must you do when analysing tautology?

Answer 52

Identify what is being repeated | Discuss the reason for repeating it

Question 53

Why are figures of Speech used?

Answer 53

To provide emphasis and freshness of expression

Question 54

What must you do when analysing figures of Speech?

Answer 54

Identify it Explain the use of it Link it to a technique or strategy