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Technology. Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple machines

A
  • transmit forces
  • change directions of a force
  • modify intensity of a force
  • provide mechanical advantage
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2
Q

1st class lever

A

Fulcrum in the middle

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3
Q

2nd class levr

A

Load in the middle

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4
Q

3rd class levr

A

Effort in the middle

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5
Q

Mechanical advantage of lever

A

Effort arm over load arm

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6
Q

MA of incline plane

A

Length over height

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7
Q

Pulleys

A

Use grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower and move a load

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8
Q

Fixed pulley

A

Has no mechanical advantage

Moves up and down

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9
Q

Other simple machines

A

Screw
Wedge
Wheel and axle

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10
Q

Links

A

Fastening unit that connects two parts

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11
Q

Characteristic of links

A

Direct or indirect
Removable or nonremovable
Rigid or elastic
Complete or partial

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12
Q

Direct vs indirect

A

Direct- connect without intermediary (legos)

Indirect- have one or more fasteners (something is added to connect the two parts)

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13
Q

Removable vs non removable

A

Removable- can be separated without damage

Non- can’t be separated

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14
Q

Rigid vs elastic

A

Rigid- doesn’t let the assembled elements be changed

Elastic- can be flattened and stretched (rubber, springs)

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15
Q

Complete vs partial

A

Complete- does not allow parts to move independently

Partial- one part can move in a certain direction without the other (door)

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16
Q

Systems

A

Made up of several SubSystems. Every sub system has its own function and the various sub systems interact
Ex: bicycle
System: bicycle
Subsystem: brakes, frame, seat, wheel, transmission, steering

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17
Q

Component of a system

A

-Machines are used to accomplish a task
- forces are used to make machine work
- inputs are everything that enters the system
-outputs are everything that exits the system
Ex: apple peeler
Task: peel apples
Force:: muscle force
Inputs: apple
Outputs: apple skin

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18
Q

All motion is a combination of these four types

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A

Rectilinear, alternating, circular, oscillatory

19
Q

Rectilinear

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A

Straight line, side to side

Ex: clothesline, skateboard

20
Q

Alternating

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A

Rectilinear motion executed in One Direction and the other

Ex: sewing machine, see saw, trumpet

21
Q

Circular

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A

Moves in the curve or circle

Ex: steering wheel, Ferris wheel, tire, football, helicopter

22
Q

Oscillatory

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A

Back-and-forth around the central point

Ex: swing, broom, the door

23
Q

What triggers motion?

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A

A force is required to provoke motion

Ex: pedalling a bike requires muscle force, brakes on the bike will stop motion, opening the door with pulling force

24
Q

Gravitational force

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A

Force that pulls objects towards the centre of the earth

25
What slows motion?
Friction. Friction is a force that opposes motion. The type of ground is An important factor in the bicycles motion friction force is greater on sand and grass
26
Aerodynamic profile
A shape design to offer the least possible resistance to the air (cars & air planes)
27
Force
Mechanical action that sets an object in motion they can also change the speed or trajectory of an object already in motion. It can also deform an object
28
Flexion
When a gymnast prices or pools on the bar and wait applies of flexion. The bar is likely the bend under the effect of this force
29
Tension
When you pull on an object in One Direction to move it | Ex: pulling a rope
30
Compression
Opposite of tension. Force applied to compress something | Ex: squeezing a sponge
31
Torsion
Turning two objects in opposite directions (Lid and jar) | Ex: screwing or unscrewing a lid
32
Shearing
If you pull the corners of a middle seat in opposite directions, it is likely to break. It will shear or tear. Ex:!pulling a metal sheet in opposite directions
33
Transmissions of motion
Simple machines can be combined to form mechanical systems these systems transmit motion from one object to another with the help of various mechanisms
34
Chain sprocket
When you ride a bicycle, the motion of your legs must be transmitted to the wheels. You apply a force to the pedals, which are attached to the centre of a toothed wheel. This force triggers a circular motion. A smaller wheel attached to the wheel performs a transmission
35
Belt and pulley
Belt is the same as a chain but instead of turning on the sprocket a bell is inserted on the groove of the police. The second fully moved in the same direction as the first Ex: clothesline
36
Gears
At least 2 wheels that Turn as they press against each other. They turn in opposite directions, not necessarily the same size. The smaller one would spin faster.
37
Friction wheel
Similar to gears but have no teeth
38
Pulley
Transmit rectilinear motion | Ex: a crane
39
Transformation of motion
Certain mechanism make it possible to change from one type of motion to another
40
Connecting rod and crank
Transforms circular Motion into alternating motion | Ex: combustion engine
41
Cam and follower
Transforms a circular motion into an alternating motion. Cam is egg shape. The follower is a rod that is pressed against the cam. Follower is an alternating motion.
42
Rack and pinion
Changes circular motion into rectilinear motion. It's a toothed wheel (pinion) that turns on a toothed bar (rack) Ex: steering rod of a car
43
Screw and nut
Changes a circular motion into a rectilinear motion. When the screw turn, the nut moves along the screw in either direction Ex: clamp

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