Tectonic Hazard Case Studies

Question 1

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Date

Answer 1

March to October 2010

Question 2

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Magnitude

Answer 2

3.1

Question 3

Why was the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption so explosive

Answer 3

Occurred under an ice cap

Question 4

Primary Effects of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

Answer 4

• Ash destroyed crops and cattle
• Jökullhlaups almost cut the road
• Ash cloud emitted tephra 11km into the sky

Question 5

Secondary Effects of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

Answer 5

• Vegetables and flowers from Kenya disrupted
• 10 million travellers affected
• Grounded 100,000 flights due to ash cloud
• 8 day travel ban cost £1.7 billion

Question 6

Immediate Responses of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

Answer 6

• Trenches dug across main roads
• Shut down air travel

Question 7

Long term responses of the Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

Answer 7

• Improved ash cloud tracking
• Passengers claim legal compensation
• Iceland tourism boom nearly doubled

Question 8

L’Aquila Earthquake Date

Answer 8

6th April 2009

Question 9

L’Aquila Earthquake Magnitude

Answer 9

6.3 on the Richter scale

Question 10

Location of L’Aquila Earthquake

Answer 10

• Central Italy, US$ 31,950 GDP per capita
• African tectonic plate colliding with Eurasian plate at a destructive plate margin

Question 11

Primary Effects of the L’Aquila Earthquake

Answer 11

• 309 Deaths
• 1,500 Injured
• 10,000 buildings collapsed

Question 12

Secondary Effects of the L’Aquila Earthquake

Answer 12

• 65,000 made homeless
• $11 billion in damage
• Landslides
• House and rent prices increased

Question 13

Immediate Responses of the L’Aquila Earthquake

Answer 13

• 10,000 sheltered at hotels
• 40,000 tents given

Question 14

Long Term Responses of the L’Aquila Earthquake

Answer 14

• No Taxes for residents until 2010
• Students’ university fees waived
• Free public transport for students

Question 15

NGOs that Provided Aid for the L’Aquila Earthquake

Answer 15

Red Cross (7Dog units, 36 Ambulances, temporary hospital within one hour)

Question 16

Gorkha Earthquake Date

Answer 16

25th April 2015

Question 17

Gorkha Earthquake Magnitude

Answer 17

7.8

Question 18

Location of Gorkha Earthquake

Answer 18

• Kathmandu, US$ 770 per capita
• Indo-Australian plate colliding with the Eurasian plate at a collision plate margin

Question 19

Primary Effects of the Gorkha Earthquake

Answer 19

• 9,000 Deaths
• 16,800 injured
• 8 million people affected
• 7,000 schools collapsed
• 26 hospitals collapsed

Question 20

Secondary Effects of the Gorkha Earthquake

Answer 20

• Avalanches hit Mount Everest and killed 19 climbers
• $5 billion in damage
• 1 million made homeless
• Blocked roads slowed aid
• Rice seed ruined which led to for shortages
• Tourism and income declined

Question 21

Immediate Responses of the Gorkha Earthquake

Answer 21

• International help requested
• 500,000 tents provided
• UN and WHO sent medical supplies

Question 22

Long Term Responses of the Gorkha Earthquake

Answer 22

• $274 million in aid money
• Stricter building controls

Question 23

NGOs that Provided Aid for the Gorkha Earthquake

Answer 23

Oxfam provided emergency aid