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a level geography > tectonic hazards fact attacks > Flashcards

tectonic hazards fact attacks Flashcards

1
Q

seismic hazards are generated within what distance of the Earth’s surface?

A

700km

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2
Q

what % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries

A

95%

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3
Q

what % of all earthquakes are found on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’

A

70%

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4
Q

how many active volcanoes are their globally

A

1,900

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5
Q

on average, how many volcanoes erupt each year

A

50

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6
Q

volcanoes which form away from plate boundaries are called what

A

Hot spots

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7
Q

which theory is now less accepted as being responsible for plate movement

A

mantle convection

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8
Q

roughly how many years does the Earth’s magnetic field change direction

A

400,000

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9
Q

Harry Hess came up with the hypothesis of what

A

Seafloor spreading

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10
Q

what is the temperature of Earth’s inner core

A

6,000 degrees

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11
Q

mid-ocean ridges extend for over how many kilometres across the world’s ocean floors

A

60,000

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12
Q

how many different types of seismic waves are there

A

3 ( Primary, Secondary, Love)

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13
Q

The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in which year

A

1989

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14
Q

what was the time and date of the Loma Prieta earthquake

A

17:04 on the 17th October

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15
Q

the cities Marina District, which suffered the worst of the damage was built on what kind of soil

A

soft, sandy soil

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16
Q

what was the death toll of the Loma Prieta earthquake

A

67

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17
Q

what was the magnitude of the Christchurch aftershock in 2011

A

6.3

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18
Q

according to the U.S Geological Survey, what is the chance of another ‘serious’ earthquake striking San Francisco in the next 30 years

A

67%

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19
Q

what was the year of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake in Iceland

A

2010

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20
Q

how many commercial flights were cancelled during the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake worldwide

A

100,000

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21
Q

what was the daily loss of revenue for Kenyan businesses because of not being able to fly fresh veg and flowers to Europe as a result of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake?

A

US $1.3 million

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22
Q

how many people worldwide are at risk from hazards caused by volcanoes

A

500 million

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23
Q

what temperature can lava flows reach

A

1170 degrees

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24
Q

what temperature can pyroclastic flows reach

A

700 degrees

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25
Q

what speed can pyroclastic flows reach

A

100km per hour

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26
Q

on what date did the Soufriere Hills Volcano erupt on the island of Monserrat

A

18th July 1995

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27
Q

how many people moved to other countries as a result of the Monserrat volcanic eruption

A

7,000

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28
Q

what speed can tsunamis reach

A

805km per hour

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29
Q

the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred in what year

A

2004

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30
Q

the floor of the Indian Ocean was thrusted what distance during the Indian Ocean earthquake

A

15 metres

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31
Q

how high was the tsunami wave that struck Banda Ache during the Indian Ocean earthquake

A

300,000

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32
Q

in Thailand, how much money did the tourist industry lose per month. because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami

A

US$25 million

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33
Q

in Sri Lanka, what % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure was lost because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami

A

60%

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34
Q

as a result of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, most vegetation and topsoil were removed over what distance inland

A

800 metres

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35
Q

on what date was the earthquake in Haiti

A

12th January 2010

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36
Q

what was the magnitude of the earthquake in Haiti

A

7

37
Q

what was the official death toll of the earthquake in Haiti

A

230,000

38
Q

what was the depth of the earthquake in Haiti

A

13km

39
Q

the epicentre of the earthquake in Haiti was how many km from the capital Port-au-Prince

A

24km

40
Q

what is the population of Port-au-Prince in 2010

A

2 million

41
Q

what % of government officials were killed in the earthquake in Haiti

A

25%

42
Q

what disease spread in October 2010 as a result of the earthquake in Haiti

A

cholera

43
Q

By 2015, what was the death toll as a result of the disease outbreak in Haiti

A

9,000

44
Q

internationally, how much international aid had been donated to Haiti

A

US$13 billion

45
Q

by 2015, how many people in Haiti were still living in temporary accommodation

A

80,000

46
Q

what was the date of the earthquake in China

A

12th May 2008

47
Q

what was the magnitude of the earthquake in China

A

7.9

48
Q

overall, how many people in China were affected by the earthquake

A

45.5 million

49
Q

how many children were killed during the earthquake in China as a result of the collapse of school buildings

A

5335

50
Q

within hours of the earthquake in China, how many soldiers and relief workers had been sent to the affected areas

A

130,000

51
Q

Temporary homes, roads, and bridges had been built within how many weeks of the earthquake in China

A

2

52
Q

what led to the failure of strict building codes in China being enforced

A

Corruption

53
Q

how much money did the Chinese government pledge for rebuilding after the earthquake

A

US$10 billion

54
Q

on what date was the earthquake in Japan

A

11th March 2011

55
Q

what was the magnitude of the earthquake in Japan

A

9

56
Q

what was the official death toll of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan

A

15,893

57
Q

what was the height reached by the tsunami in Japan

A

10 metres

58
Q

how many people were forced to evacuate in Japan. as a result of the damage to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

A

47,000

59
Q

what % of buildings in Japan were earthquake proof in 2011

A

75%

60
Q

what was built in Japan to reduce the vulnerability to tsunamis

A

10 metre high walls

61
Q

within 24 hours in Japan, how many defence troops had been mobilised

A

110,000

62
Q

the Bank of Japan offered how much money to other Japanese banks to keep them operating

A

US$183 billion

63
Q

from how many countries did Japan accept help from after the earthquake

A

20

64
Q

in 1960, what was the global population

A

less than 3 billion

65
Q

in 2016, what was the global population

A

7.3 billion

66
Q

in the 1990s, what was the average economic cost of natural disasters each year

A

US$20 billion

67
Q

between 2000-2010, what had the average economic cost of natural disasters risen to

A

US$100 billion

68
Q

a report in 2015 found that out of the most 10 at risk cities in the world, hoe many were there in the Philippines

A

8

69
Q

in most years ,how many typhoons is the Philippines affected by

A

15

70
Q

how many volcanoes does the Philippines have

A

47

71
Q

what % of the population in the Philippines live within 30km of a volcano

A

30%

72
Q

the Philippines consists of how many islands

A

7107

73
Q

what was the population of the Philippines in 2015

A

101 million

74
Q

what % of the population in the Philippines live in poverty

A

25

75
Q

in 2013, the Philippines was struck by 3 disasters, what were they

A

earthquake, Typhoon Haiyan and then flooding

76
Q

overall, the three disasters that affected the Philippines in 2013 killed how many people

A

6488

77
Q

what was the magnitude of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015

A

7.8

78
Q

the epicentre of the earthquake that struck Nepal was how many km away from the capital, Kathmandu

A

80km

79
Q

what the death toll of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015b

A

8633

80
Q

in 2016, where did Nepal rank out of 229 countries for GDP per capita

A

197th

81
Q

how many aftershocks occurred after the initial earthquake in Nepal

A

100

82
Q

what was the estimated amount needed for rebuilding work in Nepal as a result of the 2015 earthquake

A

US$6.6 billion

83
Q

Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand

A

Mount Taranaki

84
Q

The diversion of lava flows was successful in for which volcanic eruption in 1983

A

Mount etna, Italy

85
Q

in Pakistan, what materials are used to make buildings able to withstand earthquakes

A

Bales of straw and strong plastic netting

86
Q

in Nepal, why did volunteers travel to remote locations on bicycles in 2015

A

to collect data using GPS trackers

87
Q

how many times a year do children in ajapan practise earthquake drills

A

4

88
Q

in response to the earthquake in Pakistan in 2015, NGO’s provided how many tents

A

500,000

89
Q

in 2011, what were the worldwide losses from earthquakes

A

US$54 billion

a level geography (8 decks)

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