Tectonics

Question 1

What is an example of Hotspot volcanoes?

Answer 1

The Hawaiian Islands and the chain of seamounts

Question 2

What is an example of liquefaction?

Answer 2

Tohoku, Japan 2011
tilts up to 60 degrees

Question 3

What is an example of a landslide ?

Answer 3

Kali Gandaki river, Nepal 2015
buried village Baisari

Question 4

What is an Example of a Tsunami?

Answer 4

2004 Boxing day tsunami, Indonesia

Question 5

What is an example of Tephra ?

Answer 5

Mount Merapi, Indonesia 2010

Question 6

What is an example of Volcanic gases ?

Answer 6

Lake Nyos, Cameroon 1986

Question 7

What is an example of Pyroclastic flow ?

Answer 7

Pompeii, Italy 79 A.D

Question 8

What is an example of Lahar ?

Answer 8

Nevada del ruiz, Colombia 1985
Killed 20,000

Question 9

What is an example of Jokulhlaups ?

Answer 9

Jökulhlaups from Eyjafjallajökull in 2010

Question 10

When and Where was the Bam earthquake?

Answer 10

January 2003 in Bam, southern Iran

Question 11

What was the magnitude of the Bam earthquake?

Answer 11

6.6

Question 12

How many people were killed in the Bam earthquake?

Answer 12

26,000

Question 13

What were the reasons for the high impacts in the Bam earthquake?

Answer 13

. Shallow 7km
. occurred 5.26 am (asleep)
. Seismic wave directly under city
. Building vulnerable due to age
. Cold winter temperatures
. Hospitals destroyed

Question 14

When did the Nepal earthquake occur ?

Answer 14

25 April 2015

Question 15

What was the magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 15

7.8

Question 16

What were the social impacts of Nepal earthquake?

Answer 16

. 9000 lost
. 20,000 injured
. Half million houses collapsed

Question 17

why is Nepal vulnerable ?

Answer 17

. Nepal is a multiple hazard zone (Landslides and floods)
. Low development, equipment out of date (compared to Bam)
. Nepal population are poor, people build there own homes (no building codes)

Question 18

When and where did the Kumamoto earthquake happen ?

Answer 18

Apirl 2016, Kumamoto, Japan

Question 19

What was the magnitude of Kumamoto earthquake?

Answer 19

Main shock magnitude 7.3 and foreshock of 6.5 few hours earlier

Question 20

What was the estimated cost of Kumamoto ?

Answer 20

$5.5 - 7.5 billion

Question 21

How has Japan increased resilience?

Answer 21

They have enforced seismic building codes. Building should resist 7.5 earthquakes.
However this is the assumption there is only one shake not multiple (like Kumamoto)

Question 22

When and where was the Eyjafjallajokull volcano ?

Answer 22

March 2010, Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland

Question 23

What did the Eyjafjallajokull cause ?

Answer 23

Ash plume generated by the eruption affected Europe grounding flights over serval days. 100,000 air journeys cancelled.
No direct deaths

Question 24

What were the impacts that Eyjafjallajokull had on the supply chain ?

Answer 24

Car manufacturing was disrupted. The Nissan plant in Japan had to stop production due running out of critical sensors produced in Ireland.

Question 25

When and where was the Tohoku earthquake ?

Answer 25

March 2011, Tohoku, Japan

Question 26

What was the magnitude of the earthquake that caused the tsunami in Tohoku ?

Answer 26

9.0

Question 27

What impacts did the Tohoku tsunami have ?

Answer 27

. Flooded the Fukushima nuclear power plant . 15,749 dead

Question 28

What did the flooding of the Fukushima power plant cause ?

Answer 28

radioactive release contaminating water. Natural gas prices also increased due to Japan’s rise in demand.

Question 29

What is an example of Modifying earthquakes ?

Answer 29

Japan: despite being highly prone to earthquakes, has invested heavily in earthquake-resistant buildings that absorb seismic energy.

Question 30

What is an example of Modifying tsunamis ?

Answer 30

Japan: 40% of Japan's coastline has sea walls of up to 10m high to withstand incoming tsunami waves

Question 31

What is an example of Modifying Volcanoes ?

Answer 31

Island of Heimaey off the coast of Iceland (1973): Lava flow was heading towards the fishing port which if lost would lead to financial ruin. Icelanders sprayed seawater on lava to slow the movement by chilling saving the port.

Question 32

What is an example of modifying venerability and resilience of earthquakes ?

Answer 32

The NIED deployed 1000 strong motion accelerometers throughout Japan Called the Kyoshin Network or K-NET that waves are measured allowing time for emergency management.

Question 33

What is an example of modifying venerability and resilience of Tsunamis ?

Answer 33

Japans TWS J-Alert: A satellite based system that allows authorities to quickly broadcast alerts

Question 34

What is an example of aid being given in response to a natural disaster ?

Answer 34

Hati: The European Council and its member nations later announced more than €429 million in emergency humanitarian aid, rehabilitation aid and medium-to long-term reconstruction aid.