Carbon Cycle

Question 1

What are the two contrasting energy consuming countries ?

Answer 1

USA and France

Question 2

What is the USAs energy mix ?

Answer 2

Fossil fuels: 82%
Renewables: 11%
Nuclear: 8%

Question 3

What is Frances energy mix ?

Answer 3

Fossil fuels: 50%
Renewables: 10%
Nuclear: 41%

Question 4

How much of the USAs energy is imported ?

Answer 4

15%

Question 5

How much of Frances energy is imported ?

Answer 5

46%

Question 6

What is the reason for the differences in energy mix between the USA and France ?

Answer 6

The population size and Climate (heating & A/C)

Question 7

What is the population of The USA and France ?

Answer 7

France: 65 million
USA: 331 million

Question 8

What is an example of an energy pathway ?

Answer 8

Russian gas to Europe

Question 9

How much gas did Russia export in 2018 ?

Answer 9

243 billion m3

Question 10

How does the gas transfer from Russia to Europe ?

Answer 10

Through four major pipelines

Question 11

What is the Nord Stream pipeline ?

Answer 11

A network of offshore natural gas pipelines which run under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany

Question 12

How has Russias gas supply to Europe become under threat ?

Answer 12

The continuing conflict between Ukraine and Russia

Question 13

Where is the biggest tar sand deposit ?

Answer 13

Canada

Question 14

what is the percentage of oil output is tar sand ?

Answer 14

40%

Question 15

How many barrels of tar sand (bitumen) is extracted in Canada annually ?

Answer 15

1 billion with 161 billion to be recovered

Question 16

What are some of the environmental and human costs of tar sand extraction ?

Answer 16

Relocating humans
Deforestation

Question 17

Where is there a large amount of shale gas extraction ?

Answer 17

USA: New York, Pennsylvania and Texas

Question 18

What percentage of the USAs gas supply is shale gas

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

What has caused an increase in shale gas usage ?

Answer 19

Growing use of Fracking

Question 20

What are some environmental concerns to Fracking ?

Answer 20

Possible contamination of groundwater
Produces airborne pollutants (Methane)
Small earthquakes

Question 21

Where has the largest deepwater oil been discovered ?

Answer 21

200km of the coast of Brazil

Question 22

How many barrels did Petrobras extract from Brazil in 2023 ?

Answer 22

2.7 million barrels

Question 23

What are some environmental concerns of deepwater drilling ?

Answer 23

Oil spills polluting waters
Blowouts causing fires

Question 24

Which country has diversified its energy sources ?

Answer 24

Brazil

Question 25

What types of renewables do Brazil use ?

Answer 25

Hydroelectricity and Biofuels

Question 26

What percentage of Brazils energy is renewable

Answer 26

4%

Question 27

What percentage of cars in Brazil use flex-fuel engines ?

Answer 27

90%

Question 28

What do the cars in Brazil run on ?

Answer 28

Petrol and sugar cane ethanol

Question 29

How much sugar cane does Brazil produce ?

Answer 29

643 million metric tons

Question 30

What are the environmental and human impacts of sugar cane production in Brazil ?

Answer 30

Large scale clearance of tropical rainforest (Deforestation) Displacement of human

Question 31

What is an example of CCS ?

Answer 31

Boundary Dam Power Station, Canada

Question 32

How much Carbon dioxide does The Boundary Dam power station capture each year ?

Answer 32

Captures 90% of emission with 1 million tones a year

Question 33

Which country uses hydrogen fuel cells ?

Answer 33

USA

Question 34

What does the USA use hydrogen fuel cells for ?

Answer 34

Power plants Electric cars Heating

Question 35

How many operating fuel cell electric generators does the USA have ?

Answer 35

205 in 2022

Question 36

What is an example of a afforestation project ?

Answer 36

Chinas Three North Shelter project (Great Green Wall)

Question 37

What is the Three North Shelter project ?

Answer 37

A 4500km green wall of trees to tackle desertification

Question 38

What is an example of water conservation ?

Answer 38

Drip irrigation

Question 39

What country uses drip irrigation the most ?

Answer 39

Israel

Question 40

how much of Israels water is used for agriculture ?

Answer 40

56% compared to 70% in Utah that uses little drip irrigation

Question 41

where are drought resistant crops being used ?

Answer 41

Argentina, Brazil, India, South Africa and Uganda

Question 42

What drought resistant crops are being used ?

Answer 42

maize, sugar cane, wheat and rice

Question 43

What is an example of carbon taxation in the UK ?

Answer 43

Annual car tax set based on the CO2 emissions per km

Question 44

What did scheme did the UK set up to be energy efficient ?

Answer 44

Green deal scheme

Question 45

What was the Green Deal scheme ?

Answer 45

encouraged energy saving improvements to homes such as efficient boilers, lighting and insulation