teh cell cycle (chapter 6)

Question 1

interphase

Answer 1

• dna is replicated and checked for errors in the nucleus
• protein synthesis in cytoplasm
• mitochondria and chloroplasts grow and divide

Question 2

the 3 stages of interphase

Answer 2

• G1 ( the first growth phase) : proteins are produced and organelles replicate, the cell also increases in size
• S (synthesis phase) : DNA is replicated in the nucleus
• G2 (second growth phase) : the cell continues to increase in size, energy stores are increased and DNA is checked for errors

Question 3

mitotic phase

Answer 3

mitosis : nucleaus divides
cytokinesis : cytoplasm divides and 2 cells are produced

Question 4

G0

Answer 4

• when the cell leaves the cycle, either temporarily or permanently
• a cell that becomes differentiated will no longer be able to divide
• the dna in the cell may be damaged, so its no longer viable. A damaged cell can no longer divide an enters permamnet cell arrest (G0)
• as you age more of senescent cells increase, thsi can cause age related diseases (e.g. cancer and arthritis)

Question 5

checkpoints

Answer 5

G1 chekpoint : end of g1 phase, is cell is good its triggered to begin dna replication.
G2 checkpoint : end of g2 phase, if dna has been replicated without error it can pass.
spindle assembly checkpoint : chekcs if chromosomes are attacthed to spindles and have aligned.