temperature

Question 1

what are type of measurements

Answer 1

temperature
pulse
blood pressure
respiratory rate
oxygen saturation
pain rating

Question 2

when do you measure vital signs

Answer 2

on admission
per physician order
any change in patients condition
before and after any major procedure
during blood transfusion
after medications or interventions that affect vital signs

Question 3

what is an acceptable temperature in a healthy adult

Answer 3

96.8-100.4

Question 4

what are sites you can take temperatures

Answer 4

oral
rectal
axillary
tympanic
membrane
temporal
artery
esophageal
pulmonary artery
urinary bladder

Question 5

what are factors that affect temperature

Answer 5

age
hormone level
environment
exercise
circadian rythm
temperature alteration

Question 6

temperature regulation

Answer 6

neural and vascular control
heat production
heat loss
skin

Question 7

what gland controls neural and vascular temperature regulation?

Answer 7

anterior and posterior hypothalamus

Question 8

what produces heat and what part of the gland is responsible for heat production?

Answer 8

Basal metabolic rate
shivering
posterior hypothalamus

Question 9

what losses heat and what part of the gland is responsible for heat loss?

Answer 9

radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation
diaphoresis
anterior hypothalamus

Question 10

radiation

Answer 10

transfer of heat from surface of one object to surface of another without direct contact between the two

Question 11

conduction

Answer 11

transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact

Question 12

convection

Answer 12

transfer of heat away by air movement

Question 13

evaporation

Answer 13

transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas

Question 14

diaphoresis

Answer 14

visible perspiration

Question 15

how is skin involved in temperature regulation

Answer 15

insulation
vasoconstriction
sensation

Question 16

what can cause alterations in temperature

Answer 16

fever (pyrexia)
hyperthermia
heatstroke
heat exhaustion
hypothermia

Question 17

what are the characteristics of a fever?

Answer 17

important defense mechanism
causes increase in metabolism and oxygen consumption
increased heart rate and respiratory rate
temp must be taken several times a day

Question 18

what exactly is hyperthermia?

Answer 18

inability to promote heat loss or reduce production; can lead to heatstroke after a prolonged period of time

Question 19

why is heatstroke so dangerous?

Answer 19

high mortality rate
body temp of 104 or more
DRY: HOT SKIN
confusion, excess thirst, muscle cramps
vital signs will show a decreased blood pressure and an increased heart rate
there will be no sweating

Question 20

what characterizes heat loss?

Answer 20

diaphoresis
excess water and electrolyte loss

Question 21

what is a temp considered hypothermia?

Answer 21

86-96.8
can be accidental or intentional

Question 22

what may affect oral temperature readings?

Answer 22

temperature is easily influenced by hot or cold foods
approximately one degree lower than core temp
most frequent used method

Question 23

rectal temperatures placements

Answer 23

adult - 1 1/2 inches
child - 1 inch
infant - 1/2 inch
reading in feces will give inaccurate readings

Question 24

what is important during axillary temperatures?

Answer 24

the safest
must be left 5-10 minutes
moisture may reduce the temp

Question 25

characteristics of temporal temperature

Answer 25

most accurate to the core
2-3 seconds
fewer errors than tympanic
middle of the forehead down the side of the face behind the ear

Question 26

what would you do for a fever?

Answer 26

obtain blood culture if necessary
monitor VS, skin color, temperature, turgor, and lab work
reduce the frequency of activities
maximize heat loss
extra fluids
tepid water bath
oral hygiene
dry bed linens
antipyretic meds as ordered