Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Boundaries of the Temporal Fossa?
- Posterior and superior
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Inferior
A
Posterior and superior: Temporal Lines
Anterior: Frontal and Zygomatic Bones
Lateral: Zygomatic Arch
Inferior:Infratemporal crest of the sphenoid
2
Q
What are the contents of the Temporal Fossa?
A
- Temporalis Muscle and Fascia
- Deep Temporal Vessels and nerves
- Superficial temporal vessels
- Auriculotemporal nerve
3
Q
What are the boundaries for the infratemporal Fossa? (Don’t really need to memorize it, it’s just for knowledge)
A
Anterior: Posterior aspect of maxilla
Medial: Lateral Pterygoid plate
Lateral: Ramus of the mandible
Superior: Inferior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid
posterior: The tympanic plate and the mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone
inferior: Site of attachment of the medial pterygoid to the mandible near its angle
4
Q
What type of joint is the Temporomandibular joint?
A
A synovial joint; modified hinge joint
5
Q
What articulates with the temporomandibular joint?
A
- Mandibular condyle
2. Mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone
6
Q
What is an articular disc composed of?
A
fibrocartilage
7
Q
what are the compartments that the articular disc divides the temporomandibular joint into?
A
- superior compartment- responsible for gliding movement of protrusion and retrusion
- inferior compartment- responsible for hinge movement of depression and elevation
8
Q
What does the superior compartment of the temporomandibular joint responsible for?
A
Gliding movement of protrusion nd retrusion
9
Q
What does the inferior compartment of the temporomandibular joint responsible for?
A
hinge movement of elevation and depression
10
Q
What is the articular disc peripherally attached to?
A
the joint capsule
11
Q
What is te articular disc anteromedially attached to?
A
the tendon of the lateral pterygoid
12
Q
What does the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint attach to superiorly?
A
to the articular tubercle and the margins of the mandibular fossa
13
Q
What does the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint attach to inferiorly?
A
to the neck of the mandible
14
Q
What type of membrane lines above and below the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint?
A
Synovial membrane
15
Q
Does the synovial membrane cover the articular disc of the Temporomandibular joint?
A
NO
16
Q
Name all three ligaments that are associated with the temporomandibular joint?
A
Temporomandibular ligament (Lateral Ligament)
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
17
Q
What is another name of the lateral ligament?
A
Temporomandibular ligament
18
Q
What does the stylomandibular ligament attach to?
A
Styloid process and the angle of the mandible
19
Q
What does the sphenomandibular ligament attach to?
A
Spine of the sphenoid and the lingula of the mandible
20
Q
What are the four muscles of mastication?
A
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Medial pterygoid
- Lateral Pterygoid
21
Q
What nerve innervate the muscles of mastication?
A
innervated by branches of V3 (Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve)
22
Q
What is the origin of the temporalis?
A
inferior temporal line, temporal fossa, and temporalis fascia
23
Q
Where is the Temporalis inserted?
A
Coronoid process and anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible
24
Q
What innervate the Temporalis muscle?
A
Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves
25
What are the actions of the Temporalis muscle? (3)
1. Elevation of mandible (Closes mouth)
2. Retrusion of mandible
3. Right and left lateral movement (grinding and chewing)
26
What is the origin of the masseter?
Inferior border and medial surface of the maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch
27
Where is the Masseter muscle inserted?
Angle and lateral surface of the mandible
28
What innervate the masseter muscle?
Masseteric nerve
29
What are the actions of the Masseter muscle? (4)
1. Elevation of the mandible
2. Right and left lateral movement
3. protrusion of the mandible
4. retrusion of the mandible
30
What is the origin of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?
Superior head- infratemporal surface of the greater wing
| inferior heard- lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
31
Where is the Lateral Pterygoid muscle inserted?
most fibers insert on the pterygoid fovea on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible; some fibers from the superior head insert on the joint capsule and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint.
32
What innervate the Lateral pterygoid muscle?
Lateral Pterygoid nerves
33
What are the actions of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle? (3)
1. Protrusion of the mandible
2. depresses mandible
3. Right and left lateral chewing and grinding movements
34
What is the origin of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?
Deep Head- medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
| superficial head- tuberosity of maxilla
35
What is the insertion of the Medial Pterygoid?
Medial surface and angle of mandible
36
What is the innervation of the Medial Pterygoid?
Medial Pterygoid nerve
37
What are the Actions of the Medial Pterygoid muscle? (3)
1. Elevation of mandible
2. Protrusion of mandible
3. Right and Left lateral chewing and grinding movement
38
What does Excessive contraction of the Lateral pterygoid can cause?
It can cause the heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly past the articular tubercle
39
what can lead to the mandible to stay open and the person to be unable to close it?
excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoid which causes the heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly past the articular tubercle
40
Why is posterior dislocation of the mandible is uncommon?
Due tot he presence of the postglenoid tubercle and the strong lateral ligament
41
What will Falls in the chin or a direct blow to the chin can most often cause?
it will cause the neck of the mandible to fracture before posterior dislocation occurs.
42
How is Reduction of the anterior dislocated mandible performed?
by pressing downward on the last molar teeth
43
Communications with the infratemporal fossa
- Temporal fossa through the space between the zygomatic arch and cranial wall
- The orbit through the inferior orbital fissure
- The middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
- Pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure
44
Contents of the infratemporal fossa (6)
1. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
2. Mandibular divions of V (V3)
3. Otic ganglion
4. Chorda Tympani
5. Maxillary artery and its branches
6. maxillary vein and pterygoid venous plexus
45
What is V3?
Mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve
46
Is V3 Sensory/Motor or both?
Both- Large sensory component and a small motor component
47
Trace the path that leads to the V3 entering the infratemporal fossa?
Exits the middle cranial fossa via the foramen ovale and enters the infratemporal fossa where it divides into anterior and posterior divisions.
48
Where do branches of the V3 originate?
they come from the main trunk as well as the anterior and posterior branches
49
What branches originate from the main trunk of V3?
1. Nerve to the medial pterygoid
| 2. Meningeal branches
50
What does the nerve tot he medial pterygoid supply?
It supplies the medial pterygoid and gives small branches to the tensor tympani and tensor Veli palatine
51
What is the meningeal branch of the V3?
Nervus Spinosus
52
What does the meningeal branch of V3 innervate?
Dura mater of the middle cranial fossa
53
Where does Meningeal branch enters the skull ?
enters the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum
54
where is the foramen spinosum located?
in the base of the skull on the sphenoid bone. it is anterior to the spine of the sphenoid bone and lateral to the foramen ovale
55
What are the branches of the Anterior Divison of V3? (4)
1. Nerve to the Masseter
2. Nerve to the lateral pterygoid
3. Deep temporal nerves
4. Buccal nerve
56
What does the nerve to the masseter innervate? and where does it give sensory fibers to?
Innervate the masseter
| gives sensory fibers to the anterior aspect of the temporomandibular joint
57
How many deep temporal nerves are there?
usually 2 (Anterior and Posterior), but sometimes there is a third (middle)
58
What does the Buccal nerve supply?
It supplies sensory innervation to the skin and the mucosa of the cheek
59
What are the Branches of the Posterior Division of V3? (4)
1. Auriculotemporal nerve
2. Inferior Alveolar nerve
3. Nerve tot he mylohyoid
4. Lingual nerve
60
How does the auriculotemporal nerve originate?
it originates as two roots that encircle the middle meningeal artery and reunite posterior to the artery
61
What does the Auriculotemporal nerve provide innervation to?
It provides sensory innervation to the auricle, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, temporomandibular joint and scalp
62
What type of fibers does the Inferior Alveolar nerve contain?
Both sensory and motor fiber
63
What foramen does the Inferior alveolar nerve enters and what does it supply?
It enters the mandibular foramen and supplies all of the mandibular teeth
64
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve exit ?
It exits the mandible at the mental foramen
65
What the inferior alveolar nerve switch names to when it exit the mandible at the mental foramen?
Mental nerve
66
What does the Mental nerve innervate?
It provides sensory innervation to the skin and the mucosa of the lower lip and chin
67
What nerve is given off the inferior alveolar nerve before it enters the mandibular foramen?
the nerve to the mylohyoid
68
Where does the nerve to the mylohyoid is branched off and what type of fibers is it?
it's a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve and it is a motor branch.
69
What does the nerve tot he mylohyoid innervate?
it innervates the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle
70
What does the Lingual nerve do?
It provides general sensory information (Touch, Pain, Temp) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the mucosa of the floor of the mouth
71
What other nerve joins the Lingual nerve high in the infratemporal fossa?
Chorda Tympani
72
What is Otic ganglion associated with?
V3 and infratemporal fossa
73
What type of ganglion is the Otic ganglion and where is it located?
it's a small Parasympathetic ganglion that is located inferior to the foramen ovale and medial to V3
74
which branch forms the Tympanic plexus?
Tympanic branch of CV IX
75
What does the tympanic plexus supply?
It supplies the mucosa of the tympanic cavity
76
What type of fibers leave the tympanic plexus?
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
77
What do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers form when they leave the tympanic plexus and where do they synapse?
they Form the lesser petrosal nerve and they synapse in the Otic ganglion
78
What nerve do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers join after they leave the Otic ganglion?
Auriculotemporal nerve
79
What do the Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervate?
Parotid gland
80
Where does the Chorda Tympani originate from?
Originate from CN VII in the facial cancal just above the stylomastoid foramen
81
Trace the path of Chorda Tympani after it enters the tympanic cavity?
Enters the tympanic cavity and courses across the medial side of the tympanic membrane (Ear Drum)
exits the temporal bone via Petrotympanic fissure and enters the infratemporal fossa where it joins the lingual nerve
82
Via what fissure does the Chorda tympani exit the temporal bone?
Petrotympanic fissure
83
What does the Petrotympanic fissure open to?
Infratemporal Fossa
84
What nerve does the Chorda Tympani join after it enters the Infratemporal fossa?
Lingual nerve
85
What type of fibers does the Chorda Tympani contain?
Special sensory or taste fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
also contains Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that synapse in the submandibular ganglion
86
Does the Chorda Tympani contain pre or postganglionic parasympathetic fiber?
Preganglionic
87
Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the Chorda Tympani synapse?
Submandibular ganglion
88
Wha do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion supply?
submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
89
What are the two branches of the external carotid artery?
Maxillary artery
| superficial temporal artery
90
Where does the maxillary artery arise from?
Posterior to the neck of the mandible
91
How many parts of the Maxillary artery is there in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle and what are they?
1. 1st (mandibular) part
2. 2nd (pterygoid) Part
3. 3rd (Pterygopalatine) Part
92
Where does the mandibular part of the maxillary artery lie?
Lies between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament
93
What nerve and vein accompany the mandibular branch of the maxillary artery?
The auriculotemporal nerve
| maxillary vein
94
What are the branches of the Mandibular part of the maxillary artery?
1. Deep Auricular
2. Anterior Tympanic
3. Middle Meningeal
4. Accessory Meningeal
5. Inferior Alveolar
95
What does the deep auricular artery supply?
It supplies the external auditory meatus and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane
96
What branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery passes through the petrotympanic fissure with the Chorda Tympani and supply the mucosa of the tympanic cavity?
Anterior tympanic artery
97
What branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve; passes through the foramen spinosum to enter the middle cranial fossa?
Middle meningeal artery
98
What does the middle meningeal artery supply?
The Dura mater and the skull
99
What does Accessory Meningeal artery pass through and what does it supply?
It passes through the foramen ovale to supply the trigeminal ganglion and adjacent dura mater
100
What artery accompany the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal and exits the mental foramen with the mental nerve?
Inferior alveolar artery
101
What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?
the chin
102
Where does the artery to the mylohyoid originate from?
the inferior alveolar artery before it enters the mandibular foramen
103
Where does the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery located in the infratemporal fossa?
Passes anteriorly and superiorly
104
what are the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?
1. Masseteric artery
2. Anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries
3. Pterygoid Arteries
4. Buccal Artery
105
What nerve does the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery accompany?
Branches of V3
106
What does the Buccal artery supply?
It supplies the Buccinator, skin of cheek and mucosa of oral cavity
107
What is the buccinator a branch of?
branch of CN VII
108
What is the Pterygoid Venous Plexus and where is it Located?
a complex network of veins located partly between the temporalis and the pterygoid muscles
109
What veins drain into the Pterygoid Plexus?
Most o f the veins that accompany branches of the maxillary artery
110
What does the Pterygoid Venous Plexus communicate with?
1. Cavernous Sinus
2. Inferior Ophthalmic vein
3. Facial vein via deep facial vein
111
How does the pterygoid venous plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus?
via small veins passing through the foramen ovale, foramen lacerum, and sometimes a sphenoidal emmissary foramen
