Tendons & Ligaments

Question 1

Tendons connect what to what

Answer 1

Muscle to bone

Question 2

Functions of tendon

Answer 2

Transmit tensile load to bone to produce motion
Promote stability
Contribute to maintaining body posture

Question 3

Tendons allow muscles to be preposition at an ______ without need for ______ muscular length

Answer 3

Optimal distance
Increased

Question 4

Musxle tendon unit acts as a

Answer 4

Dynamic restraint

Question 5

Morphology of tendons

Answer 5

20% tencocytes
80% ECM

50-70% of ECM is water

Question 6

Tendons are a network of

Answer 6

Collagen fibers

Question 7

Tendons primary functions

Answer 7

Maintain structure
Facilitate bio mechanical response to mechanical loading

Question 8

Tenocytes

Answer 8

Elongated in rows between fibril bundles
Specialized fibroblasts
Production and degradation of the ECM

Question 9

Tenocytes respond to which stimuli

Answer 9

Mechanical stimuli

Question 10

Mechanotransduction

Answer 10

Mechanical forces converted to biochemical signals
Tensile loads signal collagen production

Question 11

Integrin

Answer 11

Sensitive to transfer of loading from outside cell to inside and vice versa

Question 12

ECM is made up of ____ & _____

Answer 12

Ground substance and collagen fibers
Small percentage of PG, elastin and other PRO

Question 14

Primary function of ECM

Answer 14

Maintain structure
Facilitate bio mechanical response to mechanical loading

Question 15

Collagen

Answer 15

High tensile strength but allows for some level of compliance

Question 16

Ligaments connect what to what

Answer 16

Bone to bone

Question 17

Ligaments augment _____ to joints

Answer 17

Mechanical stability

Question 18

Functions of ligaments

Answer 18

Prevent excessive motion
Contribute to proprioception
Static restraints

Question 19

Crimp pattern reflects

Answer 19

Gradual stiffening under load as collagen straightens out

Question 20

Loose areolar connective tissue in ligaments

Answer 20

Epiligament

Question 21

Loose areolar connective tissue in tendon

Answer 21

Paratendon

Question 22

Which loose areolar CT is more structured

Answer 22

Paratendon

Question 23

High friction locations palms digits wrist have

Answer 23

Epitendon

Question 24

Each bundle of tendon is surrounded by an

Answer 24

Endotendon

Question 25

Enthesis

Answer 25

Site of high stress concentration

Question 26

Zone 1 of tendon insertion

Answer 26

End of tendon

Question 27

Zone 2 of tendon insertion

Answer 27

Collagen fibers intermesh with fibrocartilage

Question 28

Zone 3 tendon insertion

Answer 28

Fibrocartilage gradually becomes mineralized

Question 29

Zone 4

Answer 29

Merges into cortical bone

Question 30

Gradually transitioning tendon insertion alters ____ properties which results in ______ at the insertion

Answer 30

Mechanical Decreases stress concentration

Question 31

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 31

Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae Protects spinal nerve roots from impingement Provide some intrinsic stability to the spine Elongation reaches 50% before stiffness increased

Question 32

Ground substance contains

Answer 32

PG aggregates bind water making highly structured gel like material

Question 33

What does ground substance allows for

Answer 33

Spacing and lubrication between collagen fibrils

Question 34

What does ground substance act as

Answer 34

cement like substance May help stabilize