TENSES

Question 1

PRESENT SIMPLE

Answer 1

POSITIVE: subject + verb in present simple

I walk everyday in the afternoon

NEGATIVE AND QUESTION:

We use auxiliary: do/does don’t/doesn’t

She doesn’t walk with me today

Do they like coffee?
Does she love to dance?

do/does - to emphasize
I like your dress - I do like your dress

I apologize - I do apologize

Question 2

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Answer 2

ALSO CALLED PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Positive sentence:
STRUCTURE:
Subject + auxiliary be (conjugated in present simple: am/is/are) + main verb (present participle: -ing)

Negative sentence: we add “not” between the subject and the auxiliary verb

Question 3

PRESENT PERFECT

Answer 3

There is always a connection with the past and with the present.

We use the Present Perfect to talk about:

-experience: to talk about experience from the past. We are not interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it. I have seen an alien. Have you been there?
Connection with past: the event was in the past
Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it

-change: to talk about a change, or new information. I have bought a car. (Last week I didn’t have it, now I have it). Has the price gone up?
(yesterday price was $1, today is $1.50)
Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present
Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past

-continuing situation:to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future). This is a situation (not an action). We usually use for or since with this structure. I have worked here since June.
He has been ill for 2 days. How long have you known Tara (for)?

Connection with past: the situation started in the past.
Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

The structure of the Present Perfect is:

subject + auxilary have (conjugated in present simple have-has) + main verb (past participle)

The auxiliary verb (have) is conjugated in the Present Simple: have, has

The main verb is invariable in past participle form: -ed (or irregular)

For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.

For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.

For and Since with Present Perfect tense
We often use for and since with perfect tenses:

We use for to talk about a period of time: five minutes, two weeks, six years
We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o’clock, 1st January, Monday

For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

Question 4

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Question 5

PAST SIMPLE