Tensions at Yalta

Question 1

what was happening at the beginning of 1945?

Answer 1

the Grand Alliance was beginning to crack

Question 2

what did the Western powers do in 1944?

Answer 2

opened a ‘second front’ by invading Nazi-occupied France

Question 3

what did Soviet forces do during August 1944?

Answer 3

swept into Poland

Question 4

what happened to the western Soviet front from early 1945?

Answer 4

stretched from the Baltic to the Carpathian Mountains; by March 1945, crossed the Oder River

Question 5

what were the Western powers conscious of?

Answer 5

that many Eastern European states had been liberated from Nazi occupation by the USSR

Question 6

what was Roosevelt committed to?

Answer 6

post-war reconstruction to based on unity among the victorious powers

Question 7

what was in fundamental conflict with Roosevelt’s view?

Answer 7

Stalin’s guarantee of security through a network of Eastern European allies

Question 8

when was the Yalta Conference?

Answer 8

4-11 February 1945

Question 9

who was at the Yalta Conference?

Answer 9

Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

Question 10

what did the conference represent?

Answer 10

the high point of inter-allied co-operation

Question 11

what did the outcomes appear to reaffirm?

Answer 11

that the Grand Alliance was still alive and well, and that its members were committed to a lasting consensus in international relations in the post-war world

Question 12

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945)

Answer 12

US president since 1933. He ended the USA’s isolationism when he entered the war in 1941. Roosevelt was a committed democrat but he was prepared to support the USSR in the Grand Alliance, and was optimistic that meaningful international cooperation could continue after the war had ended

Question 13

Winston Churchill (1874-1965)

Answer 13

became prime minister in 1940. He established a working relationship with Stalin but quickly became deeply suspicious of his post-war intentions. Churchill was anxious to ensure unity among the Western capitalist powers in the face of what he regarded as a fundamental threat from the USSR

Question 14

Roosevelt and Churchill

Answer 14

Collective security founded on the United Nations

Question 15

Roosevelt and Churchill

Answer 15

Long-term cooperation with the USSR

Question 16

Roosevelt and Churchill

Answer 16

the right to national self-determination and no spheres of influence

Question 17

Roosevelt and Churchill

Answer 17

Germany’s reconstruction and re-education as a democratic nation

Question 18

Roosevelt and Churchill

Answer 18

World economic reconstruction through the creation of the IMF and the World Bank

Question 19

Stalin

Answer 19

The USSR to be in control of its own destiny

Question 20

Stalin

Answer 20

co-operation with the Anglo-Americans

Question 21

Stalin

Answer 21

the USSR’s security guaranteed through the Soviet spheres of influence in Europe

Question 22

Stalin

Answer 22

Germany to remain weak for the indefinite future

Question 23

Stalin

Answer 23

Economic reconstruction for the USSR - mainly at Germany’s expense

Question 24

Agreement at Yalta

Answer 24

Germany would be divided into 4 zones, each administered by an allied power. These would be the USA, the USSR, the UK and France

Question 25

Agreement at Yalta

Answer 25

Berlin would be divided into 4 zones

Question 26

Agreement at Yalta

Answer 26

the United Nations Organisation would be formally ratified

Question 27

Agreement at Yalta

Answer 27

the USSR would gain land from Poland, and Poland would be expanded to the north and the west

Question 28

Agreement at Yalta

Answer 28

a Declaration on Liberated Europe should be created

Question 29

collective security definition

Answer 29

the principle whereby states would cooperate with each other as a means of reducing insecurity and minimising the need for defensive alliances

Question 30

United Nations definition

Answer 30

an international organisation set up in 1945 with the primary aim of preserving world peace through the collective cooperation of its members

Question 31

Axis states

Answer 31

Italy, Germany and Japan. Signed the Tripartite Pact, a 10-year military alliance. This agreement referred to as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, and once WW2 began, the 3 powers were collectively known as the Axis powers

Question 32

what was the appearance of the Yalta Conference?

Answer 32

gave cause for great optimism - clear areas of agreement between East and West

Question 33

what was the reality of the Yalta Conference?

Answer 33

relations between East and West were already deteriorating