Term 1 Flashcards
(79 cards)
¶ 13th Century
Aristotle’s Children in Spain re-examine the works of Aristotle.
¶ 14th Century
Petrarch, “The Father of the Humanists”, defends secular humanism bringing about the split with medieval Europe and a return to the values of classical antiquity
1450
This course begins this year as Europe is evolving from medieval Europe to modern Europe.
14th Century - 1527
roughly the Italian Renaissance—Europe begins “modernization”—individualism, humanism, realism, secularism, skepticism.
¶ 1450 - 1789
Early modern Europe
¶ 1789 - Present
Modern Europe
¶ 1453-85
War of the Roses in England—Civil War in England—the Tudors arrive on the throne: Henry VIII, “Bloody Mary” and “The Virgin Queen” were all Tudors.
1452
Gutenberg publishes the Bible on a printing press–1st Printing press in the West. Along with the use of the vernacular, this makes literacy increase.
1453
Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks ends the Byzantine Empire and Moscow becomes the “3rd Rome ‘’ for Eastern Orthodox Christians
1469
Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile begins the process of Spanish unification.
1492 (2)
”RECONQUISTA” or “reconquest” of Spain is completed by the Roman Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella who began the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain; beginning of Spanish policy of religious orthodoxy.
1492
Columbus sailed the ocean blue marking the beginning of Spanish colonization in the New World during the Era of Exploration, Expansion and Exploitation.
1513
Machiavelli published The Prince, an illustrative example of realism and secularism in the Renaissance.
1516
Erasmus, “The Prince of Humanists”, an example of the Northern Christian Humanists publishes his Praise of Folly, which is critical of church abuses
¶ 1200 - 1700
Witchcraft craze in Europe as superstition and “fake news” is rampant during the Era of Religious Wars!!!!
1500s / 16th Century
Price Revolution were the inflationary pressures in Europe during this era.
¶ 1498
The great Roman Catholic zealot Savonarola is burned at the stake following his attempt to rid Florence of the excesses of Renaissance materialism. This is emblematic of the failure of the Latin Church to examine the abuses that had called the Church’s hierarchy and moral leadership into question.
1517
Protestant Reformation Begins as Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses.
1521 - 1648
Era of Religious Wars in Europe.
1524-26
German Peasants’ Revolt inspired by Protestant Reformation ends in failure as the princes/aristocrats reassert serfdom in the Holy Roman Empire.
1527
Sack of Rome is usually used to mark the “end” of the Italian Renaissance and the transfer of the center of Europe from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.
1530s
Henry VIII of England is an example of the “New Monarchs” who take power away from the nobility by:
- centralizing taxation with the establishment of monarchical bureaucracies,
- monopolization of force within a nation,
- creation of Royal Courts.
1529
The Ottoman Turks lay siege to Vienna thereby distracting the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V (remember the “repeating map”) from prosecuting his war against the rebellious Lutherans within his empire.
1492 - 1800
Slave trade increases dramatically as European demand for slaves in the New World plantations leads to the devestation of the African continent.
