Term 1

Question 1

What is the Lock and key theory?

Answer 1

A model explaining how enzymes and substrates interact.

Question 2

What is a co-enzyme?

Answer 2

The non-protein organic partner of enzymes.

Question 3

What are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 3

Fatty acids that cannot take any more hydrogen atoms.

Question 4

What are amino acids?

Answer 4

The building blocks or monomers of proteins.

Question 5

What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 5

The shape of the enzyme changes, and it can no longer function.

Question 6

What is an organic catalyst?

Answer 6

A catalyst that contains the element carbon and is usually protein in nature.

Question 7

What is the optimum rate?

Answer 7

The rate at which the most product is formed in the shortest space of time.

Question 8

What are nucleotides?

Answer 8

The building blocks or monomers of nucleic acids.

Question 9

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 9

A double helix shape.

Question 10

What are disaccharides made up of?

Answer 10

Two monosaccharides.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are ______ in nature.

Answer 11

Protein

Question 12

What is the primary function of Vitamin A?

Answer 12

Essential for the correct functioning of the eye.

Question 13

What is the deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C?

Answer 13

Scurvy.

Question 14

What is the organic compound that serves as a source of energy and stores energy?

Answer 14

Carbohydrate.

Question 15

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 15

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 16

What vitamin prevents night blindness?

Answer 16

Vitamin A.

Question 17

What vitamin increases the absorption of calcium?

Answer 17

Vitamin D.

Question 18

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates made up of more than two monosaccharides.

Question 19

What enzyme acts as a co-enzyme in cellular respiration?

Answer 19

Vitamin B.

Question 20

True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm.

Answer 20

False.

Question 21

What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases until 37°C?

Answer 21

Enzyme activity increases until it reaches its maximum.

Question 22

What is the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Answer 22

Enzyme activity peaks at a certain pH called the optimum pH.

Question 23

What happens to enzymes at temperatures above their optimum?

Answer 23

They become denatured.

Question 24

What is the role of genes in relation to enzymes?

Answer 24

Genes determine the enzymes that are formed.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The organic compound made up of H, C, and O whose monomer is monosaccharide is ______.

Answer 25

Carbohydrate

Question 26

What is the function of Vitamin E?

Answer 26

Prevents oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 27

What is the function of Vitamin D?

Answer 27

Increases absorption of calcium & phosphate salts.

Question 28

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 28

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 29

What is the main function of enzymes in industry?

Answer 29

They can be reused and do not require high temperatures.

Question 30

What is the primary role of RNA?

Answer 30

Involved in protein synthesis.

Question 31

What is a specific length of DNA called?

Answer 31

Gene.

Question 32

What are the primary sources of Vitamin C?

Answer 32

Citrus fruits, guavas, tomatoes, potatoes.

Question 33

What are the symptoms of Beri-beri?

Answer 33

Stunted growth and heart disorders.

Question 34

What vitamin maintains intercellular substance in cartilage?

Answer 34

Vitamin D.

Question 35

What is the effect of enzyme activity at 20°C?

Answer 35

Lower than optimum activity.

Question 36

At what temperature does enzyme activity start to decrease?

Answer 36

Above 37°C.

Question 37

What is the role of proteases in washing powders?

Answer 37

Break down protein stains.

Question 38

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 38

Glycogen, cellulose, starch.

Question 39

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 39

Carbohydrates made up of more than two monosaccharides ## Footnote Examples include glycogen, cellulose, and starch.

Question 40

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Answer 40

Energy source and storage ## Footnote Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration to release energy.

Question 41

What are disaccharides?

Answer 41

Double sugar molecules formed when two monosaccharide molecules chemically bond ## Footnote Examples include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Question 42

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 42

The simplest form of carbohydrates, also known as simple sugars.

Question 43

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 43

Monosaccharides.

Question 44

What elements do organic compounds typically contain?

Answer 44

Carbon and hydrogen, and may also contain oxygen and other elements.

Question 45

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 45

* Monosaccharides * Disaccharides * Polysaccharides

Question 46

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

Answer 46

It cannot function.

Question 47

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 47

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 48

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in lipids?

Answer 48

Greater than 2:1.

Question 49

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 49

Act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 50

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 50

A fatty acid with single bonds between carbon atoms and cannot take any more hydrogen atoms.

Question 51

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 51

* Saturated fats: Solid at room temperature * Unsaturated fats: Liquid at room temperature

Question 52

What is the function of lipids in the body?

Answer 52

* Store large amounts of energy * Act as packing tissue between organs * Provide insulation

Question 53

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 53

* Transport oxygen (hemoglobin) * Structural components (keratin, myosin) * Form cell components (cell membrane)

Question 54

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 54

A deficiency disease caused by a lack of protein.

Question 55

What is the coronary artery?

Answer 55

A blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with food and oxygen.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: A chain of 3 or more amino acids is called a _______.

Answer 56

polypeptide chain.

Question 57

True or False: Enzymes are organic catalysts.

Answer 57

True.

Question 58

What is the smallest unit of any substance called?

Answer 58

Building block or monomer.

Question 59

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 59

* Energy source * Storage substances for energy * Building materials

Question 60

Describe the cell wall

Answer 60

- Is the rigid, outer, non-living part of a plant cell - Is permeable (allows free movement of substances) - 3 parts = Primary cell wall, Secondary cell wall and Middle lamella

Question 60

Location of primary cell wall

Answer 60

Outside cell membrane

Question 61

Describe the primary cell wall

Answer 61

- Is thin - Composed of cellulose (cellulose=polysaccharide) - Has small openings (called ;uts which contain plasmodesmata (cytoplasmic strands that connect adjacent cells)) - Is elastic

Question 62

What are the functions of the primary cell wall?

Answer 62

- Protects living cell content - Plasmodesmata facilitates transport of substances between cells

Question 62

Location of Secondary cell wall | Btw. The secondary cell wall occur in older cells

Answer 62

- Develops between the cell membrane and primary cell wall

Question 63

Describe the secondary cell wall

Answer 63

- Consists of thick cellulose fibres with lignen, a woody substance, in between - Is inelastic

Question 64

Function of Secondary cell wall

Answer 64

- Provides support and rigidity to the plant

Question 65

Location of middle lamella

Answer 65

Outside the primary cell wall

Question 66

Describe the middle lamella

Answer 66

- composed of pectin, a soluble jelly-like polysaccharide

Question 67

Function of middle lamella

Answer 67

connects the cell walls of adjacent plant cell walls to each other