Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Marine Biology > Term 1 2023 Definitions > Flashcards

Term 1 2023 Definitions Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

functional biology

A

an organism’s basic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ecology

A

interactions between organisms and their environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anoxic

A

environment with a lack of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oceanic vents

A

likely starting points for life forms in the deep sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

“The Great Oxidation”

A

period 2.4bn years ago the rapidly increased the sea’s oxygen levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sea mounts

A

ocean-floor volcanos below sea level eg.Mauno Loa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Guyots

A

flat-topped sea mounts via erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lithosphere

A

earth’s crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

divergent plate

A

constructie plate moving away eg. Iceland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

transform plate

A

conservative plate that rubs against each other eg. Mid Atlantic Ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

convergent plate

A

destructive plate that moves towards each other eg. Mariana Trench/ NW Pacific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isostacy

A

gravity + buoyancy acting on earth’s outer layers to bring them closer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bathymetry

A

study of the sea floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

surface zone

A

first zone of the oceans temperature, mixed layer 25-500m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thermocline

A

2nd layer of ocean temp, 200-1000m, rapid decrease in temp + advection of cool water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

deep zone

A

3rd layer of oceans temp, below 1000m, stable temps of 1C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stratified ocean

A

where temp (+salinity) determines waters’s density, splitting ocean in density levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CTD

A

Conductivity Temperature Depth Rosette, measure temp + conductivity, pressure + depth to work out salinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ekman transport

A

net movements of water due to Coriolis and wind forces, brings deep water upwards due to displacemtn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

surface currents

A

global ocean current driven by wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

global overturning circulation

A

global ocean current driven by density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gyres

A

large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created by Earth’s rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the Gulf stream

A

the northerly loop of the N Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, bringing warm water to the Uk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antarctic Circumpolar current

A

circumscribes whole earths, connecting all other ocean basics and driven by powerful westerly wind belt (stormiest ocean)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pacific Ocean Circulation
driven by 2 huge subtropical greys with dominant equatorial countercurrent
26
'The plastic vortex"
collection of plastic into the N.Pacific gyre's convergent flow (and now N.Atlantic)
27
eddies
small-scale gyres + flows
28
pelagic zones
ocean area
29
Benthic zones
sediment/ substrate section of the ocean
30
neurotic zone
sea on the continental shelf
31
oceanic zone
sea off the continental shelf
32
epipelagic
photic zone 0-200m in water column
33
Mesopelagic
dysphotic zone 200-1000m in the water columun
34
Bathypelagic
1000-2000m in the aphotic zone of the water column
35
Abyssalpelagic
2000-6000m in the photic zone of the water column
36
Hadalpelagic
deepest oceanic layer 6000m+ in the aphotic zone of the water column
37
nekton
pelagic organisms that can maintain position against water currents (swimmers(
38
plankton
pelagic organisms that can't maintain their position against water currents (wanderer)
39
phytoplankton
plant-like + able to photosynthesise
40
zooplankton
animal-like + heterotrophic
41
ciliates
organisms that have somatic cillic (can move to create feeding currents)
42
cyanobacteria
smallest phytoplankton (1-5μm) that fix N gas, dominant primary producer
43
coccolithophorids
single-celled phytoplankton with a calcium carbonate coccolith, from white blooms + major contributor of CaCO3
44
Diatoms
5-200μm + fast growing phytoplankton that create a silica box with 2 valves
45
Dinoflagellates
phytoplankton with 2 whip flagella armoured with cellulose plates
46
food web
pathway of consumption and energy flows from one trophic level to another
47
detritus
debris found in oceanic vents
48
autotroph
primary producer
49
ontogenetic shifts
where an organism changes its diet during development
50
trophic cascade
ecological phenomenon triggered by the +/- of predators + changes pops causing changes in ecosystem structure and nutrient cycling
51
mesopredator release
removal of top predator leads to dominance of medium-sized predator eg. fur seals and large predatory fish
52
Redfield ratio
the ratio of N:P as 16:1 creating "generalist" plankton
53
blue carbon
carbon stored in oceanic sinks eg. mangroves
54
salt glands
allow mangrove roots to build negative hydrostatic pressure (counteract salinity)
55
seagrass
monocotyledonous + not true grasses found intertidal+subtidally
56
irradiance
radiant energy
57
lacunae
large oxygen-filled tubes in seagrass leaves (like aerenchyma)
58
functional group
A set of species, or collection of organisms, that share alike characteristics within a community
59
lamniformes
mackerel sharks that are found worldwide but in the Indian
60
nekton
organisms capable of swimming against the current
61
Reynolds number
another way to define nekton (length with velocity over viscosity)
62
semelparous
reproduce once in life
63
iteroparous
have multiple reproductive cycles
64
chondrichthyes
cartilaginous fish eg. elasmobranchs
65
osteichthyes
bony fish
66
fusiform
tapered at both ends (hooked)
67
poikilothermic
cold blooded
68
homeothermic
warm blooded eg. tuna
69
ectothermic
cold blooded
70
carnivora
sea otters, polar bears + pinnipeds
71
cetaceas
whales, dolphins + porpoises
72
Sirenia
manatees and dugons
73
catch
what fish gets caught
74
landings
what caught fish stays
75
discard
the caught fish that is thrown out of catch
76
bycatch
unintentional catch
77
stocks/population
current number of organisms
78
tragedy of the commons
idea that if everyone does it, it becomes normalised
79
fishing down the foodweb
idea that fishers go for the biggest then when depleted, move down to smaller fish until the population is gone
80
shifting baselines
idea that fish stocks have become smaller and become the norm, so must set conservation targets to original not current numbers
81
Hope spots
idea that areas can be protected and must be optimistic
82
natal philpatry
come back to the beach where they were birthed
83
oviparous
lay eggs
84
Phocidae
true seals found in the N.hemisphereMo
85
Monochinae
true seals found in S.hemisphere (monk seal+ elephant)
86
sexually dimorphic
where each sex has different morphologies
87
demersal
fish that live on or near to the bottom
88
zoonotic
infectious disease transmitted between species from animals to humans
89
seabird
bird entirely dependant on the marine environment for at least part of their lives
90
guano
hard bird poo that can be made into rock-like structures + used as fertiliser
91
BRT
bycatch reduction technology
92
synergistic effects
When the combined effect is greater than that predicted by their individual potencies
93
biomagnification
increase in biological concentration f a chemical with increasing trophic position
94
bioaccumulation
corresponds to process which chemical increases via diet/environmental exposure and is carried up the food chain
95
POPs
Persistent Organic Pollutants (pesticides)
96
PAHs
Oil and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
97
carcinomas
cancer of the epithelial tissue
98
MPA
a clearly defined geographical space recognised and managed through legal and other means to achieve long term conservation of nature
99
EEZ
exclusive economic zone
100
BRUVS
baited remote underwater video systems
101
paper park
a set up MPA that actually provides no evidence on conservation. occurs due to poor management and policing and poor set-up/design
102

Marine Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions