Term 3- Chemistry

Question 1

element

Answer 1

one type of atom- can be a single atom or diatomic- differ from number of subatomic particles

Question 2

atoms

Answer 2

basic unit of matter

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

dense center of an atom surrounded by cloud of negatively charged behaviour

Question 4

subatomic particles

Answer 4

particles within and surrounding nucleus

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

positively charged particle

Question 6

neutron

Answer 6

neutral particle

Question 7

electron

Answer 7

negatively charged particle

Question 8

Periodic Law

Answer 8

when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties

Question 9

names for columns and rows in PT

Answer 9

columns > groups; rows > periods

Question 10

classes in PT

Answer 10

metals, non-metals, and metalloids

Question 11

similarity between elements in the same period

Answer 11

same number of shells

Question 12

similarities between elements in the same group

Answer 12

same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties

Question 13

properties of metals

Answer 13

• good conductors of heat and electricity
• shiny
• ductile
• malleable
• reaction with water- corrosion
• solid at room temperature (except Mercury)
• sonorous

Question 14

properties of non-metals

Answer 14

• poor conductors
• not ductile or malleable
• brittle
• dull in colour
• dull sound when hit
• many are gases

Question 15

properties of metalloids

Answer 15

• properties of both metals and non-metals
• shiny or dull
• better conductors than non-metals; not as well as metals
• ductile and malleable

Question 16

types of bonding

Answer 16

ionic, covalent, and metallic

Question 17

ionic bonding

Answer 17

• between metals and non-metals
• transfer of electrons where opposite charged ions bond with each other (positive with negative) to balance charges
• crystalline structure
• solid state

Question 18

covalent bonding

Answer 18

• between non-metals
• sharing valence electrons with each other
• molecular structure
• gases, liquids, or low melting points solids

Question 19

metallic bonding

Answer 19

• between metals
• sea of electrons- valence electrons are shared among atoms, free to move between atoms
• crystalline structure
• solid state

Question 20

cations

Answer 20

positively charged ion

Question 21

anions

Answer 21

negatively charged ion

Question 22

ions

Answer 22

atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons (they do this to gain a noble gas electron configuration)

Question 23

how to name ionic compounds

Answer 23

1. name cation first
2. name anion second

• for single ions- elemental non-metal name + ‘ide’
• for polyatomic ions- name from the ions table

Question 24

types of reactions

Answer 24

• synthesis
• decomposition
• single displacement
• double displacement
• combustion
• oxidation
• reduction
• precipitation

Question 25

rules to determine products of decomposition

Answer 25

- all binary compounds break down into their elements - carbonates- to oxide and carbon dioxide gas - chlorates- to chloride and oxygen gas - metal hydroxides- oxide and water - oxy acids- non-metal oxide

Question 26

types of matter

Answer 26

mixtures and pure substances

Question 27

types of mixtures

Answer 27

heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures

Question 28

types of pure substances

Answer 28

elements and compounds

Question 29

molecule

Answer 29

combination of more than one atom chemically bonded

Question 30

compound

Answer 30

combination of more than one type of element chemically bonded

Question 31

mixtures

Answer 31

two or more substances that are combined, and can be separated by physical means

Question 32

solutions

Answer 32

mixture where one substance dissolves in another

Question 33

number of electrons in shell order

Answer 33

2, 8, 18 (8 for the first 18 elements of the periodic table)

Question 34

formula for electrons in shells

Answer 34

nth shell = 2(n^2)

Question 35

atomic number

Answer 35

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 36

mass number

Answer 36

number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Question 37

isotopes

Answer 37

element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 38

valency

Answer 38

the charge of an ion required for bonding the charge an ion will form when it gains or loses electrons

Question 39

which electrons have the most energy?

Answer 39

those furthest away

Question 40

Bohr Diagrams

Answer 40

how-to-bohr-diagram.ppt

Question 41

skeleton equation

Answer 41

which atoms, not how many molecules

Question 42

balanced chemical equation

Answer 42

shows all atoms, including coefficients (how many)

Question 43

precipitation reactions

Answer 43

two products during double displacement reaction form at least one solid

Question 44

double displacement reactions

Answer 44

parts of two aqueous compounds switch places to form two new ones AB + CD > AD + CB

Question 45

decomposition reaction

Answer 45

a more complex substance breaks down into two or more simple parts

Question 46

combination (synthesis) reaction

Answer 46

two or more reactants combine to form single product

Question 47

single displacement reaction

Answer 47

a more reactive substance will displace a less reactive one | A + BC > B + AC

Question 48

oxidation reaction

Answer 48

when oxygen is added (e.g. combustion and erosion); hydrogen is lost, electrons are lost, increase in oxidation number

Question 49

reduction reaction

Answer 49

when oxygen is removed from an element; combine with hydrogen, gain electrons, decrease in oxidation number

Question 50

combustion reaction

Answer 50

when a fuel combines with oxygen, to produce carbon dioxide and water (e.g. cellular respiration)

Question 51

rate of reaction

Answer 51

the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds

Question 52

what is rate of reaction influenced by (6 factors)

Answer 52

surface area of a solid reactant, concentration or pressure, temperature, catalyst, nature of reactants

Question 53

CO3(^2-)

Answer 53

carbonate

Question 54

Cl(^-)

Answer 54

chloride

Question 55

OH(^-)

Answer 55

hydroxide

Question 56

NO3(^-)

Answer 56

nitrate

Question 57

NO2(^-)

Answer 57

nitrite

Question 58

SO4(^2-)

Answer 58

sulfate

Question 59

SO3(^2-)

Answer 59

sulfite

Question 60

NH4(^+)

Answer 60

ammonium