term 4 week 3 cardio upper respiratory

Question 1

The respiratory organs

Conducting Zone

• Respiratory passages that carry air to the
  site of gas exchange
• ______ _______ and ________ air

Answer 1

Filters, humidifies and warms air

Question 2

The respiratory organs

Respiratory Zone

• Site of gas exchange
• Composed of
  ________
  ________ _______
  ________ _______

Answer 2

• Bronchioles
• Alveolar ducts
• Alveolar sacs

Question 3

Upper respiratory tract

• Nose
• Moistens and warms air
• Filters air
• Resonating chamber for speech
• _______ receptors

Answer 3

Olfactory receptors within nose

the Nose

• Moistens and warms air
• Filters air
• Resonating chamber for speech
• Olfactory receptors

Question 4

Respiratory system

Nasal cavity

• Air passes through nares
  (nostrils)
• Nasal ______ divides nasal
  cavity
• Connects with ________
  posteriorly (posterior nasal
  apertures)
• Floor is formed by ________
  (roof of the mouth)

Answer 4

septum
pharynx
palate

Question 5

Nasal cavity
Linings of nasal cavity

Vestibule (just above nostrils)
* Lined with skin containing ______
and _____ glands and nose hairs
* Filters large particulars (insects, lint,
dirt)

The remainder of nasal cavity: 2
types of mucous membrane
* Small patch of ________ mucosa near
roof (cribriform plate)
* _________mucosa: lines most of the
cavity

Answer 5

sebaceous
sweat
olfactory
respiratory

Question 6

Respiratory mucosa

• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• Scattered goblet cells
• _______ cells – secrete mucous
• ______ cells – secrete watery fluid with digestive enzymes

Together all these produce a quart/day
* Dead junk is swallowed

Answer 6

mucous
serous

Question 7

Paranasal Sinuses

• Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones
• Open into nasal cavity
• Lined by same mucosa as nasal cavity and perform same functions
• Make the skull _______ in weight
• Can get infected: sinusitis

Answer 7

lighter

Question 8

The pharynx

3 parts:
* _____pharynx
* _____pharynx
* _____pharynx

Answer 8

NASOpharynx
OROpharynx
LARYNGOpharynx

• Houses tonsils (they respond to inhaled
  antigens)
• Uvula closes off nasopharynx during
  swallowing so food doesn’t go into nose
• Epiglottis posterior to the tongue: keeps
  food out of airway
• Oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as
  common passageway for food and air
• Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
  for protection

Question 9

The pharynx

• 3 parts:
• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx
• Houses _______ (they respond to inhaled antigens)
• Uvula closes off nasopharynx during
  swallowing so food doesn’t go into nose
• _______ posterior to the tongue: keeps food out of airway
• Oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as common passageway for food and air
• Lined with stratified squamous epithelium for protection

Answer 9

tonsils
epiglottis

Question 10

The pharynx

________ closes off nasopharynx during
swallowing so food doesn’t go into nose

Answer 10

Uvula

Question 11

The Pharynx

_____pharynx and _______pharynx serve as
common passageway for food and air
* Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
for protection

Answer 11

OROpharynx
LARYNGOpharynx

food and air go through here

Question 12

closes off nasopharynx during
swallowing so food doesn’t go into nose

Answer 12

Uvula

Question 13

they respond to inhaled antigens

Answer 13

tonsils

Question 14

The larynx
* Extends from the level of the 4th to the 6th cervical vertebrae
* Attaches to hyoid bone superiorly
* Inferiorly is continuous with trachea

• Three functions:

1. Produces vocalizations (speech)
2. Provides an open airway
   (breathing)
3. Switching mechanism to route air
   and food into proper channels
   * ______ during swallowing
   * ______ during breathing

Answer 14

closed during swallowing
open during breathing

Question 15

The Larynx is open during _________
The Larynx is closed during ________

Answer 15

the larynx is continuous with trachea so it wants all the air
so it closes off when swallowing to that no food goes into trachea

the larynx is open during breathing
the larynx is closed during swallowing

Question 16

Extends from the level of the 4th
to the 6th cervical vertebrae

Answer 16

larynx

Question 17

Framework of the larynx

• 9 cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments
• Thyroid cartilage with laryngeal prominence (Adamʼs apple) anteriorly
• _______ cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage: the only complete ring of cartilage: signet shaped and wide posteriorly

Answer 17

cricoid

Question 18

Framework of the larynx

• 9 cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments
• ________cartilage with _________ prominence (Adamʼs apple) anteriorly
• Cricoid cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage: the only complete ring of cartilage: signet shaped and wide posteriorly

Answer 18

thyroid cartilage with laryngeal prominence = adams apple

Question 19

The ____________

• Elastic cartilage covered by mucosa
• Attaches to back of tongue
• During swallowing, larynx is pulled
  superiorly
• __________ tips inferiorly to cover and seal
  laryngeal inlet
• Keeps food out of lower respiratory tract

Answer 19

Epiglottis

Question 20

this feature of the respiratory system attaches to the back of the tongue

Answer 20

epiglottis

Question 21

this feature of the respiratory system keeps food out of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 21

epiglottis

Question 22

• Low position of larynx is required for _______ (although makes choking easier)
• Paired vocal ligaments: elastic fibers,
  the core of the true vocal cords

Answer 22

speech

Question 23

Glottis

Answer 23

the space between the vocal cords

Question 24

Laryngeal muscles control length and size
of opening by moving arytenoid cartilages

Sound is produced by the vibration of
______ _____ as air is exhaled

Answer 24

vocal cords

Question 25

Larynx Innervation of larynx VAGUS * Recurrent laryngeal nerves of Vagus * Branch off the Vagus * Left loops under aortic arch * Right loops under right subclavian artery * Damage to one: hoarseness * Damage to both: can only ______

Answer 25

Whisper