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Network+ N10-008 Todd Lammle > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Workgroup (when talking of a LAN)

A

An administrative segment of a LAN to make it easier to manage.

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2
Q

Workgroup (when talking of a domain)

A

A set of devices with no security association with one another.

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3
Q

Workstation

A

Powerful computer, possibly with more than one CPU, whose resources are available to other users on the network.
Don’t provide resources to the huge number of users that a server does.

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4
Q

Server

A

Provide resources to the users on a network, often very specialised, and running a network operating system.

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5
Q

Client

A

Any device on a network that can ask for access to resources.

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6
Q

Hosts

A

A very loosely used term. For the exam think of them as network devices with IP addresses. Could be servers, workstations or clients.

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7
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network, usually restricted to a particular geographic location, like a building, department, floor or home office.

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8
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network. Covers a metropolitan area, something like a concentrated MAN.

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9
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network. Typically uses routers and joins disparate locations and networks using telco links. The internet is a WAN.

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10
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network. Usually bluetooth, infrared, zigbee etc. Range just a few meters.

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11
Q

CAN

A

Campus Area Network. Connects a group of buildings such as a campus or business park

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12
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network. Typically only found in data centres, use specific protocols for data storage.

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13
Q

SDWAN

A

Software-Defined Wide Area Network. A virtual WAN that uses software to to manage connectivity.

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14
Q

MPLS

A

Multi Protocol Label Switching

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15
Q

What are 4 advantages of MPLS?

A
  1. Physical layout flexibility
  2. Prioritising of data
  3. Redundancy in case of link failure
  4. One-to-many connections
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16
Q

mGRE

A

Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation

used to create point-to-multipoint tunnels

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17
Q

DMVPN

A

Dynamic Multipoint VPN

used to create dynamic VPN networks with multiple sites without needing to re-configure multiple endpoints

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18
Q

Peer-to-peer networks (what are their main characteristics)?

A
  1. Do not have central authority
  2. Security is the responsibility of each user, not centralised
  3. Each host can be both a client and a server
  4. No network operating system
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19
Q

Client-Server networks (what are the main characteristics)?

A
  1. Uses a network operating system
  2. Central management
  3. Easy scalability
  4. Tighter security, uniform password management
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20
Q

Another name for a star topology?

A

hub and spoke topology

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21
Q

Ring Topology - to remember for exam

A

Unless they specify, when they say a ring topology, they mean FDDI, and FDDI has redundancy (two rings operating in different directions)

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22
Q

How to calculate links in a mesh topology?

A

Where n is number of endpoints:
n(n-1)/2

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23
Q

5 things to consider when selecting a network topology?

A
  1. Cost
  2. Ease of installation
  3. Ease of maintenance
  4. Fault-tolerance requirement
  5. Security requirement
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24
Q

Network backbone (very loose definition)

A

What all the segments and servers connect to

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25
Network segment (very loose definition)
A small piece of the network that can be connected to, but isn't a piece of the backbone. Generally used to organise departments, workgroups etc.
26
NFV
Network Function Virtualisation
27
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
28
List the 7 layers of the OSI model, from layer 1 to layer 7
1. Physical 2. Data Link 3. Network 4. Transport 5. Session 6. Presentation 7. Application
29
5 functions of the OSI application layer
File, print, message, database, application services
30
3 functions of the OSI presentation layer
Data Encryption, compression, translation services
31
Function of the OSI session layer
Dialog control
32
Function of the OSI transport layer
End-to-end connection
33
Function of the OSI network layer
Routing
34
Function of the OSI Data-Link layer
Framing
35
Function of the OSI physical layer
Physical topology
36
"Reliable networking" (as when TCP is involved), means what three things will be used?
1. acknowledgements 2. sequencing 3. flow control
37
TCP establishes a ____ ____
virtual circuit
38
What does TCP do to establish a virtual circuit?
A three-way handshake
39
What else do the two TCP processes agree during the three-way handshake
The amount of information that will be sent in either direction
40
What do we call the cost of setting up a virtual circuit?
overhead
41
What is the first part of a three-way handshake?
SYN - a request for synchronisation
42
What is the second part of a three-way handshake?
SYN/ACK - acknowledge the request and establish connection parameters
43
What is the third part of a three-way handshake?
ACK - notifies the receiving host that the connection agreement has been accepted
44
Which OSI layer deals with flow control
Layer 4 - Transport
45
In simple terms, what does flow control provide?
A means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender.
46
What is a TCP window
The amount of data (in bytes) that a sender can send without receiving an acknowledgement
47
What are the two types of packets used at the network layer?
1. Data Packets 2. Route-Update Packets
48
What are the 3 pieces of information on a routing table?
1. Network Address 2. Interface (the exit interface for this network) 3. Metric (the "distance" to the network)
49
Do routers forward multicast packets by default?
No
50
What is Media Access Control concerned with? (7)
1. How packets are placed on media 2. Physical addressing 3. Logical topology 4. Line discipline 5. Error notification 6. Ordered delivery of frames 7. Flow control (optional)
51
What is Logical Link Control concerned with? (2 + 2)
1. Identifying network layer protocols 2. encapsulating them can also provide flow control and sequencing of control bits.
52
DTE
Data Terminal Equipment
53
DCE
Data Communication Equipment, or Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
54
What are the services available to the DTE accessed via?
The DCE which is a modem or CSU/DSU
55
CSU/DSU
Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit
56
The 5 typical steps of encapsulation are?
1. User information is converted to data 2. Data is converted to segments and a reliable connection set up (or not) 3. Segments are converted to packets or datagrams and a logical address added. 4. Packets or datagrams are converted to frames. A hardware address is added. 5. Frames are converted to bits, and a digital encoding and clocking scheme used.
57
Modulation
Process of varying one or more properties of a waveform (carrier signal)
58
What are the three types of cabling popularly used in networks?
1. Twisted pair 2. Coaxial 3. Fibre optic
59
What is twinaxial cable used for
Short-distance high speed connections (such as 10G ethernet in a data centre)
60
SMF
Single-mode fibre
61
MMF
Multi-mode fibre
62
Pros of Fibre optic (2)
Immune to EMF and RFI Transmit up to 40km
63
Cons of Fibre optic (4)
Expensive Difficult to install Harder to troubleshoot Troubleshooting equipment is expensive
64
APC
Angled physical contact
65
UPC
Ultra physical contact
66
ST connector
Straight tip (stick and twist)
67
SC connector
Square connector or subscriber connector (stick and click)
68
FDP
Fibre Distribution Panel
69
SFF connector
Small form factor connector
70
MTRJ
Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack
71
LC
Local Connector (love connector)
72
SFP
Small Form-Factor Pluggable. Compact transceiver.
73
SFP+
Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable. Data rates up to 16Gbps
74
QSFP, QSFP+, QSFP28
Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable. A hot pluggable transceiver that interfaces networking hardware with fibre cables. 4 * 1 Gbps 4* 10 Gbps for QSFP+ 4*28Gbps for QSFP28 used for 100G links.
75
What is 100m in feet?
328 feet.
76
How do you identify pin 1 on an RJ45 coupler.
Pin one is on the left, when the clip is facing away from you, and the cable is hanging towards the ground.
77
What is straight-through cable used for?
To connect a: Host to a switch or hub, or a Router to a switch or hub.
78
What standard ethernet required four pairs of wires?
1000BaseT and above
79
What is a crossover cable used for?
Switch to switch Hub to hub Host to host Hub to switch Router to host
80
How are the pins paired in Gigabit crossover?
1 to 3 2 to 6 3 to 1 4 to 7 5 to 8 6 to 2 7 to 4 8 to 5
81
How is a rollover cable pinned?
1 to 8 2 to 7 3 to 6 4 to 5 5 to 4 6 to 3 7 to 2 8 to 1
82
How is a T1 crossover pinned
1 to 4 2 to 5 4 to 1 5 to 2
83
How many pairs does a 66 block terminate?
25
84
How is a 110 block different from a 66 block
A 66 block is laid out in rows of 4, a 100 block uses a layered system with wafers. A 110 can have RJ-11 or RJ-45 connectors on the other side.
85
How do you tell a 110 block from a Krone block?
The connectors on a krone block are angled.
86
What is a NID or NIU
A network interface device or unit. Often can be looped for testing purposes by the service provider.
87
When a host, using CSMA/CD hears another signal on the line it is transmitting on, what does it do?
It sends out an extended jam signal
88
In CSMA/CD, what do hosts respond to a jam signal?
They stop transmitting and initiate their random back-off algorithms.
89
In CSMA/CD, how many retries before a host times out?
15
90
In CSMA/CD, which host has priority to transmit after their timers have expired?
All hosts have equal priority.
91
In a CSMA/CD network, what is the effect of sustained heavy collisions? (3)
1. Delay 2. Low throughput 3. Congestion
92
What is broadband?
Using Frequency division multiplexing, to divide our bandwidth into multiple channels, and use them to process multiple signals on the same wire at the same time.
93
What is baseband?
All the bandwidth of the physical media is used by only 1 signal.
94
What is bit rate?
The number of data bits transmitted in a second.
95
What is baud rate?
The number of electronic state changes in a second (this could involve more than one bit per change)
96
What network device can't operate in full duplex mode?
Hub
97
Are there any collisions in full duplex mode
No
98
How many switch ports are required for a full duplex host?
One
99
What is sequence of values for subnetting (in decimal)
128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255
100
MAC (address)
Media Access Control

Network+ N10-008 Todd Lammle (33 decks)

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