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Network+ N10-008 Todd Lammle > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Workgroup (when talking of a LAN)

A

An administrative segment of a LAN to make it easier to manage.

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2
Q

Workgroup (when talking of a domain)

A

A set of devices with no security association with one another.

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3
Q

Workstation

A

Powerful computer, possibly with more than one CPU, whose resources are available to other users on the network.
Don’t provide resources to the huge number of users that a server does.

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4
Q

Server

A

Provide resources to the users on a network, often very specialised, and running a network operating system.

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5
Q

Client

A

Any device on a network that can ask for access to resources.

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6
Q

Hosts

A

A very loosely used term. For the exam think of them as network devices with IP addresses. Could be servers, workstations or clients.

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7
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network, usually restricted to a particular geographic location, like a building, department, floor or home office.

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8
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network. Covers a metropolitan area, something like a concentrated MAN.

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9
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network. Typically uses routers and joins disparate locations and networks using telco links. The internet is a WAN.

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10
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network. Usually bluetooth, infrared, zigbee etc. Range just a few meters.

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11
Q

CAN

A

Campus Area Network. Connects a group of buildings such as a campus or business park

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12
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network. Typically only found in data centres, use specific protocols for data storage.

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13
Q

SDWAN

A

Software-Defined Wide Area Network. A virtual WAN that uses software to to manage connectivity.

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14
Q

MPLS

A

Multi Protocol Label Switching

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15
Q

What are 4 advantages of MPLS?

A
  1. Physical layout flexibility
  2. Prioritising of data
  3. Redundancy in case of link failure
  4. One-to-many connections
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16
Q

mGRE

A

Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation

used to create point-to-multipoint tunnels

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17
Q

DMVPN

A

Dynamic Multipoint VPN

used to create dynamic VPN networks with multiple sites without needing to re-configure multiple endpoints

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18
Q

Peer-to-peer networks (what are their main characteristics)?

A
  1. Do not have central authority
  2. Security is the responsibility of each user, not centralised
  3. Each host can be both a client and a server
  4. No network operating system
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19
Q

Client-Server networks (what are the main characteristics)?

A
  1. Uses a network operating system
  2. Central management
  3. Easy scalability
  4. Tighter security, uniform password management
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20
Q

Another name for a star topology?

A

hub and spoke topology

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21
Q

Ring Topology - to remember for exam

A

Unless they specify, when they say a ring topology, they mean FDDI, and FDDI has redundancy (two rings operating in different directions)

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22
Q

How to calculate links in a mesh topology?

A

Where n is number of endpoints:
n(n-1)/2

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23
Q

5 things to consider when selecting a network topology?

A
  1. Cost
  2. Ease of installation
  3. Ease of maintenance
  4. Fault-tolerance requirement
  5. Security requirement
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24
Q

Network backbone (very loose definition)

A

What all the segments and servers connect to

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25
Q

Network segment (very loose definition)

A

A small piece of the network that can be connected to, but isn’t a piece of the backbone.

Generally used to organise departments, workgroups etc.

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26
Q

NFV

A

Network Function Virtualisation

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27
Q

OSI

A

Open Systems Interconnection

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28
Q

List the 7 layers of the OSI model, from layer 1 to layer 7

A
  1. Physical
  2. Data Link
  3. Network
  4. Transport
  5. Session
  6. Presentation
  7. Application
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29
Q

5 functions of the OSI application layer

A

File,
print,
message,
database,
application services

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30
Q

3 functions of the OSI presentation layer

A

Data Encryption,
compression,
translation services

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31
Q

Function of the OSI session layer

A

Dialog control

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32
Q

Function of the OSI transport layer

A

End-to-end connection

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33
Q

Function of the OSI network layer

A

Routing

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34
Q

Function of the OSI Data-Link layer

A

Framing

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35
Q

Function of the OSI physical layer

A

Physical topology

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36
Q

“Reliable networking” (as when TCP is involved), means what three things will be used?

A
  1. acknowledgements
  2. sequencing
  3. flow control
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37
Q

TCP establishes a ____ ____

A

virtual circuit

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38
Q

What does TCP do to establish a virtual circuit?

A

A three-way handshake

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39
Q

What else do the two TCP processes agree during the three-way handshake

A

The amount of information that will be sent in either direction

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40
Q

What do we call the cost of setting up a virtual circuit?

A

overhead

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41
Q

What is the first part of a three-way handshake?

A

SYN - a request for synchronisation

42
Q

What is the second part of a three-way handshake?

A

SYN/ACK - acknowledge the request and establish connection parameters

43
Q

What is the third part of a three-way handshake?

A

ACK - notifies the receiving host that the connection agreement has been accepted

44
Q

Which OSI layer deals with flow control

A

Layer 4 - Transport

45
Q

In simple terms, what does flow control provide?

A

A means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender.

46
Q

What is a TCP window

A

The amount of data (in bytes) that a sender can send without receiving an acknowledgement

47
Q

What are the two types of packets used at the network layer?

A
  1. Data Packets
  2. Route-Update Packets
48
Q

What are the 3 pieces of information on a routing table?

A
  1. Network Address
  2. Interface (the exit interface for this network)
  3. Metric (the “distance” to the network)
49
Q

Do routers forward multicast packets by default?

A

No

50
Q

What is Media Access Control concerned with? (7)

A
  1. How packets are placed on media
  2. Physical addressing
  3. Logical topology
  4. Line discipline
  5. Error notification
  6. Ordered delivery of frames
  7. Flow control (optional)
51
Q

What is Logical Link Control concerned with? (2 + 2)

A
  1. Identifying network layer protocols
  2. encapsulating them
    can also provide flow control and sequencing of control bits.
52
Q

DTE

A

Data Terminal Equipment

53
Q

DCE

A

Data Communication Equipment, or
Data Circuit-terminating Equipment

54
Q

What are the services available to the DTE accessed via?

A

The DCE which is a modem or CSU/DSU

55
Q

CSU/DSU

A

Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit

56
Q

The 5 typical steps of encapsulation are?

A
  1. User information is converted to data
  2. Data is converted to segments and a reliable connection set up (or not)
  3. Segments are converted to packets or datagrams and a logical address added.
  4. Packets or datagrams are converted to frames. A hardware address is added.
  5. Frames are converted to bits, and a digital encoding and clocking scheme used.
57
Q

Modulation

A

Process of varying one or more properties of a waveform (carrier signal)

58
Q

What are the three types of cabling popularly used in networks?

A
  1. Twisted pair
  2. Coaxial
  3. Fibre optic
59
Q

What is twinaxial cable used for

A

Short-distance high speed connections (such as 10G ethernet in a data centre)

60
Q

SMF

A

Single-mode fibre

61
Q

MMF

A

Multi-mode fibre

62
Q

Pros of Fibre optic (2)

A

Immune to EMF and RFI
Transmit up to 40km

63
Q

Cons of Fibre optic (4)

A

Expensive
Difficult to install
Harder to troubleshoot
Troubleshooting equipment is expensive

64
Q

APC

A

Angled physical contact

65
Q

UPC

A

Ultra physical contact

66
Q

ST connector

A

Straight tip
(stick and twist)

67
Q

SC connector

A

Square connector or
subscriber connector
(stick and click)

68
Q

FDP

A

Fibre Distribution Panel

69
Q

SFF connector

A

Small form factor connector

70
Q

MTRJ

A

Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack

71
Q

LC

A

Local Connector
(love connector)

72
Q

SFP

A

Small Form-Factor Pluggable. Compact transceiver.

73
Q

SFP+

A

Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable.
Data rates up to 16Gbps

74
Q

QSFP, QSFP+, QSFP28

A

Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable. A hot pluggable transceiver that interfaces networking hardware with fibre cables.
4 * 1 Gbps
4* 10 Gbps for QSFP+
4*28Gbps for QSFP28 used for 100G links.

75
Q

What is 100m in feet?

A

328 feet.

76
Q

How do you identify pin 1 on an RJ45 coupler.

A

Pin one is on the left, when the clip is facing away from you, and the cable is hanging towards the ground.

77
Q

What is straight-through cable used for?

A

To connect a:
Host to a switch or hub, or a
Router to a switch or hub.

78
Q

What standard ethernet required four pairs of wires?

A

1000BaseT and above

79
Q

What is a crossover cable used for?

A

Switch to switch
Hub to hub
Host to host
Hub to switch
Router to host

80
Q

How are the pins paired in Gigabit crossover?

A

1 to 3
2 to 6
3 to 1
4 to 7
5 to 8
6 to 2
7 to 4
8 to 5

81
Q

How is a rollover cable pinned?

A

1 to 8
2 to 7
3 to 6
4 to 5
5 to 4
6 to 3
7 to 2
8 to 1

82
Q

How is a T1 crossover pinned

A

1 to 4
2 to 5

4 to 1
5 to 2

83
Q

How many pairs does a 66 block terminate?

A

25

84
Q

How is a 110 block different from a 66 block

A

A 66 block is laid out in rows of 4, a 100 block uses a layered system with wafers. A 110 can have RJ-11 or RJ-45 connectors on the other side.

85
Q

How do you tell a 110 block from a Krone block?

A

The connectors on a krone block are angled.

86
Q

What is a NID or NIU

A

A network interface device or unit. Often can be looped for testing purposes by the service provider.

87
Q

When a host, using CSMA/CD hears another signal on the line it is transmitting on, what does it do?

A

It sends out an extended jam signal

88
Q

In CSMA/CD, what do hosts respond to a jam signal?

A

They stop transmitting and initiate their random back-off algorithms.

89
Q

In CSMA/CD, how many retries before a host times out?

A

15

90
Q

In CSMA/CD, which host has priority to transmit after their timers have expired?

A

All hosts have equal priority.

91
Q

In a CSMA/CD network, what is the effect of sustained heavy collisions? (3)

A
  1. Delay
  2. Low throughput
  3. Congestion
92
Q

What is broadband?

A

Using Frequency division multiplexing, to divide our bandwidth into multiple channels, and use them to process multiple signals on the same wire at the same time.

93
Q

What is baseband?

A

All the bandwidth of the physical media is used by only 1 signal.

94
Q

What is bit rate?

A

The number of data bits transmitted in a second.

95
Q

What is baud rate?

A

The number of electronic state changes in a second (this could involve more than one bit per change)

96
Q

What network device can’t operate in full duplex mode?

A

Hub

97
Q

Are there any collisions in full duplex mode

A

No

98
Q

How many switch ports are required for a full duplex host?

A

One

99
Q

What is sequence of values for subnetting (in decimal)

A

128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255

100
Q

MAC (address)

A

Media Access Control

Network+ N10-008 Todd Lammle (33 decks)

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