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Network+ N10-008 Todd Lammle > Terminology 3 > Flashcards

Terminology 3 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for TCP?

A

6

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2
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for UDP?

A

17

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3
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for EIGRP?

A

88

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4
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for OSPF?

A

89

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5
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for IPv6?

A

41

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6
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for GRE?

A

47

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7
Q

In an IP header, what is the protocol number for L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol)?

A

115

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8
Q

How are ICMP messages carried across a network?

A

As IP packets - They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.

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9
Q

What does GRE do?

A

Encapsulates other protocols inside IP tunnels

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10
Q

What are the parts of a GRE header?

A

Transport IP Header
GRE Header
Passenger IP Packet

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11
Q

What is the minimum overhead GRE adds to tunnelled packets?

A

24 bytes

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12
Q

What are 3 limitations of IPSec?

A

Does not support IP broadcast
Does not support IP multicast
Does not support multi-protocol traffic

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13
Q

How can you overcome the limitations of IPSec?

A

Run GRE over IPSec

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14
Q

What are the two primary security protocols used by IPSec?

A

Authentication Header (AH)
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)

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15
Q

How does AH work?

A

The sender generates a one-way hash of the whole packet, then the receiver generates the same hash, and compares them.

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16
Q

How much of the packet does AH authenticate?

A

The whole packet

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17
Q

What are the five components of ESP?

A
  1. Confidentiality
  2. Data Integrity
  3. Authentication
  4. Anti-Replay Service
  5. Traffic Flow Confidentiality
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18
Q

Which 4 cryptographic algorithms are defined for use with IPSec?

A
  1. HMAC-SHA1/SHA2 (for integrity and authenticity)
  2. TripleDES-CBC (confidentiality)
  3. AES-CBC 128 bit keys (confidentiality)
  4. AES-GCM ChaCha20-Poly1305 (Confidentiality and Authentication)
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19
Q

How does ESP counter replay attacks?

A

Use of sequence numbers

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20
Q

What needs to be enabled for ESP to provide traffic flow confidentiality?

A

Tunnel mode

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21
Q

What two things does the transport layer use port numbers for?

A

Identify the virtual circuit (source port)
Identify the upper layer process (destination port)

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22
Q

What is the class A usable network range?

A

1 to 126

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23
Q

That does a network address of all 0s designate?

A

This network

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24
Q

What is the network address 127 reserved for?

A

Network diagnostics (loopback)

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25
What does a host address of all 0 s refer to?
This network
26
What does a host address of all 1s refer to?
All hosts
27
What does an IP address of 0.0.0.0 signify?
The default route
28
What does an IP address of 255.255.255.255 signify?
Broadcast to all hosts on the current network
29
Layer 2 broadcast - where does it go, what is the limit and how is it addressed?
All nodes on a LAN Won't go past the LAN boundary (router) FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
30
Layer 3 broadcast - where does it go? How are they addressed?
All nodes on the network. All host bits on.
31
What is the address range and class for IPv4 multicast?
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
32
What is the APIPA address range?
169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254
33
What are the parts of an IPv6 address, and length (in bits)?
1. Routing or Global prefix - 48 2. Subnet ID - 16 3. Interface ID - 64
34
IPv6 Address Types: Unicast
Destined for a single interface
35
IPv6 Address Types: Global Unicast
Publicly routable address
36
IPv6 Address Types: Link local
Similar to APIPA addresses - not meant to be routable
37
IPv6 Address Types: Unique Local
Similar to an IPv4 private address. Unique local can be routed within your organisation
38
IPv6 Address Types: Multicast
one-to-many, as in IPv4. Identifiable as they always start FF
39
IPv6 Address Types: Anycast
one-to-one of many or one-to-nearest. Only delivered to one address
40
IPv6 Special Addresses: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::
Source of the host before the host receives an IP address
41
IPv6 Special Addresses: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1
Local loopback (127.0.0.1 equivalent)
42
IPv6 Special Addresses: 0::FFFF:192.168.100.1
How an IPv4 address would be written in a mixed IPv6/IPv4 network
43
IPv6 Special Addresses: 2000::/3
The global unicast address range allocated for internet access
44
IPv6 Special Addresses: FC00::/7
The unique local unicast range
45
IPv6 Special Addresses: FE80::/10
The link-local unicast range
46
IPv6 Special Addresses: FF00::/8
The multicast range
47
IPv6 Special Addresses: 3FFF:FFFF::/32
Reserved for examples and documentation
48
IPv6 Special Addresses: 2001:0DB8::/32
Reserved for examples and documentation
49
IPv6 Special Addresses: 2002:/16
Used for IPv6 to IPv4 tunnelling
50
SLAAC
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
51
What separates the OUI and Unique Interface Address parts of a MAC address when creating an EUI-64 address?
FFFE
51
What bit of the OUI is toggled when creating an EUI-64 address?
7
52
What does it mean when the UL bit (bit 7) of a 16 bit interface ID is set to 1?
The address is Universally unique
53
What does it mean when the UL bit (bit 7) of a 16 bit interface ID is set to 0?
The address is locally unique
54
Convert this MAC address to EUI-64 (The global prefix and subnet is 2001:0db8:0:1): 0090:2716:fd0f
2001:0db8:0:1:0290:27ff:fe16:fd0f
55
Convert this MAC address to EUI-64 (The global prefix and subnet is 2001:0db8:0:1): aa12:bcbc:1234
2001:0db8:0:1:a812:bcff:febc:1234
56
What is dual stacking?
Having both IPv4 and IPv6 running on our network
57
What is 6 to 4 tunnelling?
Using tunnelling to allow IPv6 traffic to traverse an IPv4 network
58
Why do we use Teredo?
Because NAT and PAT would break 6 to 4 tunnels
59
What does Teredo do?
Allows the IPv6 tunnel traffic to be forwarded as UDP pacckets
60
What is 2^2=
4
61
2^3=
8
62
2^4=
16
63
2^5=
32
64
2^6=
64
65
2^7=
128
66
2^8=
256
67
2^9=
512
68
2^10=
1024
69
2^11=
2048
70
2^12=
4096
71
2^13=
8192
72
2^14=
16384
73
2^15=
32768
74
2^16=
65536
75
What are 4 benefits of subnetting?
1. Reduced network traffic 2. Optimised network performance 3. Simplified management 4. Facilitated spanning of large geographical distances
76
What are 3 steps in designing subnets?
1. Determine the number of network IDs 2. Determine the number of host IDs per subnet 3. Create subnets
77
When subnetting, how many network IDs are required?
One for each subnet and one for each WAN link
78
When subnetting, how many host IDs are required per subnet?
One for each TCP/IP host, one for each router interface
79
CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
80
VLSM
Variable-Length Subnet Masking
81
When subnetting "the fast way", what are the 5 questions we need to answer after choosing a subnet mask?
1. How many subnets does the chosen mask produce? 2. How many VALID hosts per subnet are available? 3. What are the valid subnets? 4. What is the broadcast address of each subnet? 5. What are the valid hosts in each subnet?
82
What are the 3 types of NAT?
1. SNAT (Static NAT) 2. DNAT (Dynamic NAT) 3. Overloading (or PAT)
83
What is SNAT?
One to one mapping between local and global addresses
84
What is DNAT?
Dynamically mapping addresses from a global pool to an internal address
85
What is Overloading/PAT?
Mapping multiple local IP addresses to a single global address, using different ports.
86
In NAT, what is a global address?
Global addresses are the addresses used after NAT translation.
87
In NAT, what are local addresses?
Local addresses are the addresses used before NAT translation.
88
What is an inside local address?
The address of the source before translation
89
What is an outside local address?
The address of the destination before translation
90
What is an inside global address?
The address of the source after translation
91
What is the outside global address?
The address of the destination after translation
92
What does a router do when it gets a packet addressed to a network that is not in its routing table?
It discards it
93
When a host sends a packet to a remote network, what is the MAC address of the frame it sends?
The interface of its gateway router.
94
What is the first high-level division of dynamic routing protocols?
It is between: 1. Interior gateway protocols (IGPs) 2. Exterior gateway protocols (EGPs)
95
What is an autonomous system (AS) when talking about routing?
A collection of networks or subnets in the same administrative domain.
96
What are the two primary divisions of IGP routing protocols?
1. Distance Vector (DV) 2. Link State (LS)
97
What are two DV protocols?
RIP and IGRP
98
What are two LS protocols?
OSFP and IS-IS
99
What are two hybrid routing protocols?
EIGRP and BGP

Network+ N10-008 Todd Lammle (33 decks)

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