Terminology Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Gross anatomy
A
Study of large visible structures.
2
Q
Anatomical position
A
Hands at side and palms forward.
3
Q
Abdominal
A
Abdomen.
4
Q
Antebrachial
A
Forearm.
5
Q
Antecubital
A
Front of elbow.
6
Q
Axillary
A
Armpit.
7
Q
Brachial
A
Arm
8
Q
Buccal
A
Cheek
9
Q
Carpal
A
Wrist
10
Q
Cervical
A
Neck
11
Q
Coxal
A
Hip
12
Q
Crucal
A
Leg
13
Q
Deltoid
A
A muscle located on the outer aspect of the shoulder.
14
Q
Digital
A
Fingers
15
Q
Femoral
A
Thigh
16
Q
Frontal
A
Forehead
17
Q
Hall us
A
Great toe(big toe).
18
Q
Inguinal
A
Groin
19
Q
Mammary
A
Breast
20
Q
Mental
A
Chin
21
Q
Nasal
A
Nose
22
Q
Oral
A
Mouth
23
Q
Orbital
A
Eye
24
Q
Palmar
A
Palm
25
Patellar
Kneecap
26
Pedal
Foot
27
Pelvic
Pelvis
28
Peroneal(fibular)
Lateral side of the leg
29
Pollex
Thumb
30
Pubic
Pubis
31
Eternal
Sterling
32
Tarsal
Ankle
33
Thoracic
Chest
34
Umbilical
Navel
35
Acromial
Shoulder
36
Calcaneal
Heel of foot
37
Cephalic
Head
38
Dorsum
Pertaining to the back
39
Gluteal
Buttock
40
Lumbar
Lower back
41
Manus
Hand
42
Occipital
Back of the head
43
Olecranal
Back of the elbow
44
Otic
Ear
45
Perineal
Region between the anus and external genitalia.
46
Plantar
Sole of foot.
47
Popliteal
Back of knee
48
Sacral
Posterior region between the hips.
49
Scapular
Shoulder blade area(shoulder bone).
50
Sural
Calf
51
Vertebral
Area of the spinal column
52
Superior
Toward the head(above the head).
53
Inferior
Away from the head(below the head).
54
Anterior(ventral)
Front of the body
55
Posterior(dorsal)
Back of the body
56
Medial
Towards the midline.
57
Midline
Divides the body into left and right.
58
Lateral
Away from the midline.
59
Cephalad
Towards the head(head).
60
Caudal
Towards the tail(tail).
61
Proximal
Towards the point of attachment.
62
Distal
Away from the point of attachment.
63
Superficial(external)
Towards the body surface.
64
Internal(deep)
Away from the surface of the body.
65
Section
The process of cutting the body to study internal organization.
66
Plane
Imaginary lines drawn on an upright body to describe location of structures and direction of movement.
67
Sagital
Divides the body into left and right.
68
Median line
Divides the body into equal left and right half’s.
69
Frontal plane(coronal plane)
Divides the body into anterior and posterior sides.
70
Transverse plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
71
Cross section
A transverse cut through a structure or tissue.
72
Serosa
The tissue of a serous membrane.
73
Parietal
Lines the wall of body cavities.
74
Visceral
A serous membrane that covers the internal organs.
75
Mediastinum
The mass of tissues and organs separating the pleural cavities.
76
Tissue
Group of similar cells working together.
77
Organ
Group of similar tissues working together.
78
System
Group of organs working together.
79
Condenser
Is a small one that focuses light through the specimen.
80
Iris diaphragm lever
Regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser.
81
Ocular lens
Eyepiece of a microscope.
82
Objective lens
Enlarges the image of the specimen.
83
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division.
84
Mitosis
Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
85
Meosis
Cell division of gametes that result in four daughter cells.
86
Chromatin
Cluster of DNA,RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell.
87
Chromatids
Two identical chromosomes that split and contain the same genetic material.
88
Centromere
Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attached.
89
Miotic spindle
Is made of microtubules that control chromosome movement during mitosis.
90
Aster
A radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centromere in a dividing cell.
91
Cleavage furrow
The area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell.
92
Isotonic
A solution that has the same solute concentration as a cell.
93
Hypertonic
A solution containing more solutes than a cell.
94
Hypotonic
Solution with lower solute concentration.
95
Crenation
Shrinkage of a cell in a hypertonic solution.
96
Hemolysis
The process of a blood cell rupturing in hypotonic solution.
97
Filtration
Movement of material through a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure.
98
Active transport
Energy requiring process that moves materials across a cell membrane against a concentration.
99
Vesicular transport
Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes.
100
Solute pumps
Allows a molecule to enter the cell by way of protein channel.
101
Endocytosis
The active transport of materials into a cell.
102
Exocytosis
The active transport of materials out of the cell.
103
Pinocytosis(fluid phase)
Engulfing of extracellular fluid by cells( cell drinking).
104
Phagocytosis
Engulfing of large particles(cell eating).
105
Receptor mediated
Is a receptor ligand interaction that allows specific molecules to be ingested into the cell.
106
Histology
Is the study of tissues.
107
Apical
Pertaining to the apex.
108
Basement membrane
Delicate membrane of protein fibers separating the epithelium and its connective tissue layer.
109
Basal lamina
A layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells.
110
Reticular lamina
Deep to basal lamina, network of collagen fibers.
111
Avascular
No blood vessels.
112
Goblet cells
Secrete mucus.
113
Endocrine glands
A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
114
Exocrine glands
A gland that secretes it’s product into a duct.
115
Hematopoietic
The terminology that represents blood and blood cells.
116
Extracellular matrix
Combination of the fibers and ground substance that surrounds the cells.
117
Ground substance
Fluid or semi fluid portion of the matrix.
118
Fibers
Collagen, elastic, reticular fibers used for strength, flexibility, and framework.
119
Mast cell
Are cells that release chemicals such as histamine that promote inflammation.
120
Tendon
Attaches muscle to bone.
121
Ligament
Attaches bone to bone.
122
Aponeurosis
Strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone.
123
Lacunae
Is an empty space around or within a cell that can be filled with fluid.
124
Striations
Are the striped patterns in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
125
Intercalated discs
Are gap junctions that allow the flow of ions.
126
Neuroglia
Are the supporting cells that maintain physical structure.
127
Neurons
Cells responsible for receiving, interpreting, and sending electrical signals.
128
Grastrulation
The embryonic developmental stage in which the 3 germ layers are formed.
129
Primary germ layers
Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.
130
Endoderm
The innermost layer that gives rise to the glands and epithelial tissue.
131
Mesoderm
The middle germ layer that gives rise to the muscle tissue and connective tissue.
132
Ectoderm
The outermost germ layer that gives rise to the nervous tissue and epidermis.
133
Hyperdomis
Looks connective tissue layer of the skin below the dermis.
134
Keratin
Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails.
135
Melanin
A pigment that gives the skin its color.
136
Decubitis ulcers
Bedsores caused by problems with dermal circulation.
137
Albinism
Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.
138
Vitiligo
Loss of pigment in areas of the skin.
139
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin.
140
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and eyes.
141
Dermal papilla
Fold in tissue that project in the epidermis and contribute to fingerprints.
142
Addison’s disease
Occurs when the adrenal gland does not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.
143
Eponychium
Cuticle
144
Laluna
The pale crescent at the base of the nail.
145
Papilla
Nipple-shaped elevation.
146
Sebum
Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
147
Blackheads
Open comedones.
148
Acne
Inflamed sebaceous glands.
149
Perspiration
The process of sweating.
