Terminology Flashcards
To learn and remember all terms used in genetics. (14 cards)
Define//: Chromosome
A linear DNA double helix and its histone proteins.
Define//: Gene
A region of DNA that encodes for a specific protein
Define//: Genome
A complete set of genes.
Describe//: Homologous Chromosome
A pair of homologous chromosomes or homologues, where both copies have genes that are in the same loci (location), but do not necessarily have the same alleles.
Define//: Haploid
Cells with one whole genome.
I.e Gametes (sperm/eggs)
Define//: Diploid
Cells with 2 genomes.
I.e Somatic cells
What is ploidy
Chomorsome number
Define//: Chromatid
- Product of DNA replication in S phase
- The sister chromatids are attached by the centromere
- Attached copy is referred to as sister chromatid
- Each chromatid have 1 strand of linear DNA double helix
What is Cell Division?
Happens in M phase.
Dna coils up into chromosomes and does not allow gene expression
What is Interphase?
-Everything between in a cells life.
From one M phase to the next M phase
-Chromatin loosens up into chromatin and allows gene expression to resume.
What is G0 phase?
The phase where cells stop actively dividing and just do their jobs.
G1 phase?
Cell grows and makes more cytoplasm.
S phase?
Dna replication occurs
-Chromosomes form sister chromatids for replication
G2 phase?
Cell grows and makes more cytoplasm
