Terminology Continued Flashcards
1
Q
The prefix _______ means away from.
A
ab-
2
Q
The suffix ______ means an instrument to visually examine.
A
-scope
3
Q
The prefix _____ means elevated, while the prefix _____ means depressed.
A
Hyper-, hypo-
4
Q
The suffix ______ means pertaining to.
A
-al, -ary, -ar, -ic
5
Q
The suffix ______ means incision.
A
-tomy
6
Q
The suffix ______ means abnormal condition.
A
-osis
7
Q
The suffix ______ means separation or breaking into parts.
A
-lysis
8
Q
The prefix ______ means below.
A
sub-
9
Q
The prefix ______ means many.
A
Poly-
10
Q
The prefix ______ means without or no
A
a-, an-
11
Q
The suffix -algia means
A
pain
12
Q
The prefix pre- means
A
Before
13
Q
Which suffix may be part of the term meaning a procedure to visually examine?
A
-scopy
14
Q
Which type of word part is always placed at the end of a term?
A
Suffix
15
Q
Which type of word part is always placed at the beginning of a term?
A
Prefix
16
Q
Which word part gives the essential meaning of a term?
A
Root
17
Q
Which suffix means to rupture?
A
-rrhexis
18
Q
Which prefix means around?
A
peri-
19
Q
Lateral means
A
toward the side
20
Q
The sagittal plane divides the body into
A
Left and right portions
21
Q
The paw is _______ to the shoulder.
A
Distal
22
Q
The transverse plane divides the body into
A
cranial and caudal portions
23
Q
The lining of the abdominal cavity and some of its organs is called the
A
peritoneum
24
Q
The study of structure, composition, and function of tissues is called
A
Histology
25
The medical term for lying down is
recumbent
26
The _____ plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions.
Dorsal
27
The medical term for increase in size of an organ, tissue, or cell is
Hypertrophy
28
The medical term for the caudal surface of the rear pay, hoof, or foot is
Plantar
29
The term for toward the midline is
Medial
30
The term for nearest the midline or the beginning of a structure is
Proximal
31
The term for away from the midline is
Lateral
32
The term that means toward the head is
Cranial
33
The term for farthest from the midline or beginning of a structure is
Distal
34
The term that refers to the back is
Dorsal
35
The term that means toward the tail
Caudal
36
Which type of tissue covers internal and external body surfaces?
Epithelial
37
The term for a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs is
Cavity
38
A common name for the tarsus is the
Hock
39
The ______ joints are the freely moveable joints of the body
Synovial
40
The correct order of the vertebral segments is
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
41
A _______ is a fibrous band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
Ligament
42
The acetabulum is the
Large socket in the pelvic bone
43
The 3 parts of the pelvis are
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
44
The digits contain bones that are called
phalanges
45
Components of the axial skeleton include
Skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
46
Another term for growth plate is
Physis
47
Bones of the front limb include
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges
48
Rectus means
straight
49
A term for when a muscle becomes shorter and thicker is
Contraction
50
A fibrous band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is
Tendon
51
Looseness is called
Laxity
52
A muscle that forms a tight band is called a
Sphincter
53
Protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it is called a
Hernia
54
Abnormal condition or disease of muscle is called
Myopathy
55
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
56
The manubrium is the
Cranial portion of the sternum
57
Which term describes the freely movable joints of the body?
Diarthroses
58
The opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass is a
Foramen
59
The acetabulum is commonly called the
Hip socket
60
Muscles located above the pelvic axis are called
Epaxial muscles
61
Muscles under voluntary control are known as
Skeletal
62
A muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle is called a
Flexor
63
Another term for the distal interphalangeal joint in ungulates is
Coffin Joint
64
The proximal interphalangeal joint is called the
Pastern joint
65
The V shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the equine hoof is known as the
Frog
66
The protrusions of the ischium bones just lateral to the base of the tail in ruminants are known as
Pins
67
The anatomical term for top of the head is the
Poll
68
The protrusions of the wing of the ilium on the dorsolateral area of ruminants are known as
Hooks
69
The common name for tarsal joint in animals is the
Hock
70
The hollow area of the flank is called the
Paralumbar Fossa
71
The side of the body between the ribs and ilium is called the
Flank
72
The mass of connective tissue, muscle, and fat covering the cranioventral part of the ruminant chest is the
Brisket
73
The upper lip and apex of the nose of swine is called the
Snout
74
The rudimentary first digit of dogs and cats is the
Dewclaw
75
The two nostrils and the muscles of the upper and lower lip are called the
Muzzle
76
The "knee" in people is known as what in animals?
Stifle joint
77
The auricle is also known as the
Pinna
78
In swine, the external throat, especially when fat or loose skin is present, is called the
Jowl
79
In equine, the region over the dorsum where the neck joins the thorax and where the dorsal margins of the scapula lie is called the
Withers
80
The lumbar region of the back is called the
Loin
81
The lateral or medial side of the hoof is the
Quarter
82
Mixing of ingesta in the intestine is called
Segmentation
83
Straining, painful defecation is called
Tenesmus
84
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen is called
Ascites
85
A tumor of the liver is a
Hepatoma
86
Telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part is called
Intussusception
87
Marked wasting or excessive leanness is
Emaciation
88
The small intestine is attached to the dorsal abdominal wall by the
Mesentery
89
Forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach is called
Gavage
90
Eating and licking of abnormal substances is called
Pica
91
Inflammation of the mouth is called
Stomatitis
92
The combining form for the first part of the large intestine is
Cec/o
93
The muscular, wavelike movement used to transport food through the digestive system is
Peristalsis
94
The part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels is the
Pulp
95
The narrow passage between the stomach and the duodenum is the
Pylorus
96
Buccal means
Pertaining to the cheek
97
Incontinence means
Inability to control
98
Stomat/o means
Mouth
99
The term for erosion of tissue is
Ulcer
100
A drug used to prevent vomiting is known as an
Antiemetic
101
The formation of a new opening from the large intestine to the surface of the body is known as a
Colostomy
102
The combining forms for kidney are
Ren/o and Nephr/o
103
Retrograde means
Going backward
104
Inflammation of the kidney is
Nephritis
105
Examination of the components of urine is a
urinalysis
106
Insertion of a hollow tube through the urethra into the urinary bladder is called
Urinary catheterization
107
Inflammation of the urinary bladder is
Cystitis
108
The hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow is
Erythropoietin
109
UTI is the abbreviation for
Urinary Tract Infection
110
Stable internal environment is
Homeostasis
111
Oliguria means
Scanty or little urine
112
The term for frequent urination is
Pollakiuria
113
Diuretics are chemical substances that
Cause an increase in urine production
114
The triangular part of the urinary bladder is the
Trigone
115
A surgical incision into the urinary bladder is known as
Cystotomy
116
The term for production of urine is
Uropoiesis
117
The presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood is called
Azotemia
118
Inability to control excretory functions is
Incontinence
119
The medical term for excessive urination is
Polyuria
120
Obstruction of blood flow to the kidney(s) is
Renal infarction
121
The term that means no urine production is
Anuria
122
The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the
Tricuspid valve
123
Disease of the heart muscle is
Cardiomyopathy
124
Heart enlargement is
Cardiomegaly
125
The double-walled membranous sac enclosing the heart is the
Pericardium
126
Blood flow through tissue is
Perfusion
127
A partition or wall separating something is called a
Septum
128
A localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply is
Infarct
129
The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs are the
Pulmonary arteries
130
Introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of the recipient is a
Transfusion
131
A bypass or diversion is called a
Shunt
132
Cor means
Heart
133
The contraction phase of the heartbeat is
Systole
134
A disease produced by treatment is known as
Iatrogenic
135
The term for external layer of the heart is the
Epicardium
136
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the
Coronary arteries
137
Which heart valve is also known as the bicuspid valve?
Mitral valve
138
Hemostasis means
Control of bleeding
139
Which heart chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
140
A deficiency in blood supply is called
Ischemia
141
The opening in a vessel through which fluid flows is known as a
Lumen
142
The wall that divides the nasal cavity is called the
Nasal septum
143
Parts of the respiratory tract contain thin hairs called
Cilia
144
An abnormal condition of blue discoloration is called
Cyanosis
145
Inhaling a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract is called
Aspiration
146
Hypoxia is
Below normal levels of oxygen
147
Snoring, squeaking, or whistling that suggest airway narrowing is known as
Stridor
148
Difficult breathing is known as
Dyspnea
149
Liquid that reduces alveolar surface tension is called
Surfactant
150
A condition following as a consequence of disease is a
Sequela
151
Pus in the chest cavity is called
Pyothorax
152
A substance that works against, controls, or stops a cough is an
Antitussive
153
Tapping various body surfaces with the finger or an instrument to determine sound density is known as
Percussion
154
Abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity is
Hemothorax
155
A growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane is a
Polyp
156
The potential space between the parietal and the visceral pleura is the
Pleural space
157
Flexible air sacs where gas exchange occurs are
Alveoli
158
Tubes that bifurcate from the trachea are known as
Bronchi
159
A nosebleed is known as
Epistaxis
160
What acts as a lid over the entrance to the esophagus?
The epiglottis
161
What term means an abnormally rapid respiration
Tachypnea
162
Pruritus is commonly called
Itching
163
Skin redness is called
Erythema
164
Hypersensitivity reaction in animals involving pruritus with secondary dermatitis is called
Atopy
165
Hair loss resulting in hairless patches or complete lack of hair is called
Alopecia
166
A skin disease containing pus is
Pyoderma
167
Occupation and dwelling of parasites on the external skin surfaces is called
Infestation
168
Producing or containing pus is called
Purulent
169
Inflammation of connective tissue is
Cellulitis
170
The protein that provides skin with its waterproofing properties is known as
Keratin
171
Removal of tissue and foreign material to aid healing is
Debridement
172
A localized collection of pus is an
Abscess
173
Large tactile hair is
Vibrissa
174
A benign growth of fat cells is known as a
Lipoma
175
What term means pertaining to dead tissue?
Necrotic
176
A skin condition characterized by overproduction of sebum (oil) is known as
Seborrhea
177
What term means skin paleness?
Pallor
178
What term means erosion of skin or mucous membrane?
Ulcer
179
A tumor or growth of pigmented skin is a
Melanoma
180
The gland known as the master gland that helps maintain the appropriate levels of hormone in the body is the
Pituitary gland
181
Hypoadrenocorticism, a disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, is also known as
Addison's Disease
182
The chemical substance secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during parturition is
Oxytocin
183
A tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas is called
Insulinoma
184
The regulator of the endocrine system is the
Hypothalamus
185
Enlargement of the thyroid gland is
Thyromegaly
186
The chemical substance that helps maintain circadian rhythm is
Melatonin
187
Excessive mammary development in males is called
Gynecomastia
188
Surgical removal of a well-defined portion of an organ is a
Lobectomy
189
An aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their function is a
Gland
190
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
Triidothyronin, thyroxine, calcitonin
191
What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis
192
Which hormone transports blood glucose to the cells?
Insulin
193
Which hormone maintains water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney?
Antidiuretic hormone
194
What is the name of the laboratory technique used to determine the amount of a particular substance in a sample?
Assay
195
An abnormally low blood glucose level is known as
Hypoglycemia
196
The condition of normal thyroid function is known as
Euthyroidism
197
Glucocorticoids are secreted by the
Adrenal cortex
198
The pituitary gland acts in response to stimuli from the
Hypothalamus
199
The word part that means to secrete or separate is
-crine
200
The inner layer of the uterus is called the
Endometrium
201
A false pregnancy is also called
Pseudocyesis
202
Copulation is also called
Coitus
203
The area between the vaginal orifice or scrotum and the anus is called the
Perineum
204
A condition of an individual having both ovarian and testicular tissue is called
Hermaphroditism
205
Pyometra is
Pus in the uterus
206
The act of giving birth is
Parturition
207
A difficult birth is
Dystocia
208
The innermost membrane enveloping the embryo in the uterus is the
Amnion
209
Attachment and embedding of the zygote in the uterus is
implantation
210
The ovum is the
female gamete
211
Reproductive organs, whether male or female, are called the
Genitals
212
The heat cycle in females is known as the
Estrous cycle
213
An enlarged part of a tube or canal is called an
Ampulla
214
In large animals, the mammary gland is called the
Udder
215
The term for surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delivery of the fetus and to prevent damage to maternal structures is
Episiotomy
216
The female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins the mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products is known as the
Placenta
217
An animal that has not been neutered is referred to as
Intact
218
Substances that produce change or create genetic abnormalities are known as
Teratogens
219
Another term for spay is
Ovariohysterectomy
220
The space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor is a
Synapse
221
Maintaining a constant internal environment is
Homeostasis
222
Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve is
Radiculitis
223
The 3 layered membrane lining the CNS is called the
Meninges
224
The protective sheath that covers some nerve cells of the spinal cord, white matter of the brain, and most peripheral nerves is called
Myelin
225
The division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with body functions under emergency or stress is the
Sympathetic
226
A network of intersecting nerves is a
Plexus
227
What type of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS and toward the muscles?
Efferent (motor)
228
An automatic, involuntary response to change is called a
Reflex
229
A knot-like mass of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is known as a
Ganglion
230
A "depressed" animal is referred to as
Obtunded
231
The largest portion of the brain that is involved with thought and memory is the
Cerebrum
232
Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are
Gyri
233
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain is known as
Meningitis
234
The term meaning without pain is
Analgesia
235
Conscious proprioceptive deficit is commonly called
Knuckling
236
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord is known as
Poliomyelitis
237
The term for without coordination or "stumbling" is
Ataxia
238
The medical term for crossing is
Chiasm
239
Small cavities in the brain are known as
Ventricles
240
The state of balance is
Equilibrium
241
Another term for earwax is
Cerumen
242
The outer or external ear is separated from the middle ear by the
Tympanic membrane
243
The fibrous tissue that maintains the shape of the eye is the
Sclera (white of the eye)
244
The instrument used to visually examine the ear is known as an
Otoscope
245
What is the name of the spiral shaped passage that leads from the oval window to the inner ear?
Cochlea
246
The term for corner of the eye is
Canthus
247
The region of the eye where nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve is called the
Optic disk
248
The colored muscular layer of the eye that surround the pupil is known as the
Iris
249
What eye structure is transparent and focuses light on the retina?
Lens
250
The meaning of palpebr/o is
Eyelid
251
Involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball is called
Nystagmus
252
A group of eye disorders resulting from increased intraocular pressure is
Glaucoma
253
Glaucoma usually is diagnosed by
Tonometry
254
The term for removal of a part is
Ablation
255
Opacity of the lens is called
Cataract
256
The term for pupillary dilation is
Mydriasis
257
The condition of normal tear production is
Lacrimation
258
The process of the lens bending the light ray to help focus the rays on the retina is called
Refraction
259
The fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eye and is continuous with this white of the eye is the
Cornea
260
Red blood cells are called
Erythrocytes
261
T cells are responsible for
Cell-mediated immunity
262
White blood cells are called
Leukocytes
263
B cells are responsible for
Humoral Immunity
264
An elevation in white blood cells is called
Leukocytosis
265
An immature, non-nucleated erythrocyte that is characterized by polychromasia is called a
Reticulocyte
266
An immature polymorphonuclear leukocyte is called a
Band cell
267
Lacteals are located in the
Small intestine (Lacteal = specialized lymph cells that transport fat and fat-soluble vitamins)
268
Lymph is also known as
Interstitial fluid
269
When a growth does not have well-defined borders, it is described as being
Invasive
270
Malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue are know as
Sarcomas
271
What is the term for a malignant tumor of vascular tissue?
Hemangiosarcoma
272
A malignant tumor that developed from epithelial tissue is known as a
Squamous cell carcinoma
273
The spleen is
a) hemolytic
b) A storage area for RBC's
c) an organ where lymphocytes are differentiated
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
274
A deficiency in white blood cells is known as
Leukopenia
275
Larger than normal RBC's are described as being
Macrocytic
276
Breaking down blood cells is known as
Hemolysis
277
A substance that prevents clotting is known as an
Anticoagulant
278
What term is used to describe the condition in which microorganisms and their toxins are present in the blood?
Septicemia
279
The name for a disease-fighting protein produced by the body in response to a particular foreign substance is
Anitbody
280
The term for relief of a condition but not a cure is
Palliative
281
Examination by tapping the surface to determine density of a body area is called
Percussion
282
Pertaining to fever is
Febrile
283
The percentage of RBC's in blood is called a
Hematocrit (aka crit or PCV - packed cell volume)
284
A machine that spins samples very rapidly to separate elements based on weight is a
Centrifuge
285
A disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans is said to be
Zoonotic
286
The quality of appearing white or light gray on a radiograph is called
Radiopaque
287
What is the term for the ultrasound property of producing adequate levels of reflection (echoes) when sound waves are returned to the transducer and displayed?
Echoic
288
The determination of cause of disease is
Diagnosis
289
A set of signs that occur together is called a
Syndrome
290
The medical term for sphere is
Coccus
291
Examination by feeling is
Palpation
292
Surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas for diagnostic purposes or for treatment is known as
Centesis
293
The acronym used to describe a unit by which absorption of ionizing radiation is measured is
rad
294
Clumping of cells is known as
Agglutination
295
The medical term for prevention is
Prophylaxis
296
A decrease in body temperature is known as
Hypothermia
297
The term for having a short course is
Acute
298
The description of an animal with information about the animal including species, breed, age, and sexual status is called the animal's
Signalment
299
The study of disease causes is
Etiology
300
A monovalent vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin is one that is developed for
One organism
301
A device by which a channel may be established for the exit of fluids from a wound is a
Drain
302
A saw-like edge or border is a
Serration
303
Hydrophilic substances are
Water-loving substances
304
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient is
Osmosis
305
Another name for an eyeless needle is
Swaged
306
Substances that control itching are called
Antipruritic
307
The term for an excessive level of sodium in the blood is
Hypernatremia
308
To surgically cut out is to
Excise
309
The abbreviation for nothing orally is
NPO
310
The surgical term for side by side placement is
Apposition
311
A solution that is less concentrated than what it is being compared with is known as
Hypotonic
312
An emetic substance is a substance that
Induces vomiting
313
The route of drug administration via the gastrointestinal tract is
Nonparenteral
314
The term meaning to tie or strangulate is
Ligate
315
The graded locking portion of an instrument located near the finger rings is the
Ratchet
316
A needle that has a rounded tip is called a
Taper needle
317
An instrument that controls bleeding is a
Hemostat
318
Irrigation with fluids is called
Lavage
319
The abbreviation bid stands for
Twice daily
320
The term meaning ingestion of feces is
Coprophagy
321
Devocalization in dogs is commonly called
Debarking
322
The term for more than normal number of digits is
Polydactyly
323
The pouches that store an oily, foul-smelling fluid in dogs and cats are called
Anal Sacs
324
Cats that have white paws are said to have
Gloves
325
A cat with 3 colors of fur is called a
Calico
326
A male animal used for breeding purposes is known as a
Stud
327
Urinating on objects to mark territory is called
Spraying
328
Inflammation of fat is
Steatitis
329
The large, shearing cheek tooth in dogs is commonly called a
Carnassial Tooth
330
A fur coat that has guard hairs with darker tips is a
Ticked coat
331
A mixed breed of animal is called a
Mongrel
332
Feline claws can be drawn back because they are
Retractile
333
A wild animal is called
Feral
334
Cats ovulate as a result of sexual activity and are called
Induced ovulators
335
The common term for removing a retained placenta in a cow is
Cleaning a cow
336
An individual housing pen for calves is called a
Hutch
337
The inedible visceral organs and unusable tissues removed from the carcass of a slaughtered animal are the
Offal
338
The common term for llama copulation is
Cushing
339
The term for shaving off wool, hair, or fur is
Shearing
340
Another term for wool is
Fleece
341
What is the name of the passageway that takes milk from the teat cistern to the outside of the udder?
Streak canal
342
What is the term for the restraint device that secures cattle around the neck to allow accessibility for milking, feeding, and examining?
Stanchion
343
The amount of food consumed by livestock in a 24 hour period is its
Ration
344
The hypocalcemic metabolic disorder of ruminants that is seen in late pregnancy or early lactation is
Parturient paresis
345
The mechanical device that is used to restrain cattle is a
Chute
346
The appendage suspended from the head of goats is the
Wattle
347
Removing an animal from the rest because it does not meet a specific standard is known as
Culling
348
A large group of sheep is a
Band
349
The mating of dissimilar breeds to increase productivity and performance in the next generation is known as
Hybrid Vigor
350
Roughage plants that have nitrogen-fixing nodules on their roots are
Legumes
351
The behavior in which a camelid propels saliva at an animal or person who is perceived to be a threat is called
Spitting
352
The term for adult goat meat is
chevon
353
The type of roughage feed produced by fermenting chopped plant parts is
Silage
354
What is the term for the spaces in the bird respiratory tract that store air and provide buoyancy for flight?
Air sacs
355
A body or flight feather is known as a
Contour feather
356
The caudal nares (also called the cleft in the hard palate of birds) are called the
Choana
357
The voice organ of birds is the
Syrinx
358
The sternum, or breastbone, of some birds is the
Keel
359
The primary wing feathers are known as
Remiges
360
The esophageal enlargement that stores, moistens, and softens food in some birds is the
Crop
361
The process of casting off feathers before replacement feathers appear is known as
Molting
362
A young bird that has recently acquired its flight feathers is known as a
Fledgling
363
The glandular stomach of birds is the
Proventriculus
364
Large, flightless birds used for their meat and hides are
Ratites
365
Finches are examples of what type of bird?
Passeriformes
366
Cockatiels and cockatoos are examples of what type of bird?
Psittacines
367
Doves are examples of what type of bird?
Columbiformes
368
A stick or dowel on which a caged bird sits is called a
Perch
369
Which type of feather has a blood supply running through it that if broken can lead to heavy bleeding?
Pin
370
The common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems in birds is the
Cloaca
371
The rope-like structure that holds the yolk to the center of the egg is the
Chalaza
372
The wishbone in birds is the
Furcula
373
The external opening of the cloaca in birds is the
Vent
374
The ventral region of a turtle shell is the
Plastron
375
A term for germ-free is
Axenic
376
The canine tooth in a horse that is usually found only in males also is called the
Tush
377
The first teeth that an animal develops are its
Milk Teeth
