Terminology Test Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Nullipara
A
Woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation
2
Q
Gravid
A
Number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome
3
Q
Para/parity
A
Number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation
4
Q
G6,P4
A
Gravida 6, Para 4 = pregnant 6 times (includes current pregnancy) and has previously delivered 4 babies at >20 weeks gestation
5
Q
Grand multipara
A
Delivered 5+ babies at >20 weeks gestation
6
Q
Abortion/miscarriage
A
Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation
7
Q
Labour
A
Regular, painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation
8
Q
Lower uterine segment caesarean section
A
Operative delivery of baby through incision in lower uterine segment
9
Q
Classical caesarean section
A
Operative delivery of baby through vertical incision in upper segment of uterus
10
Q
Hysterotomy
A
Operative delivery of baby through uterine incision at <20 weeks gestation
11
Q
Preterm labour
A
Labour at <37 weeks gestation
12
Q
Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM)
A
Rupture of membranes before onset of labour
13
Q
Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)
A
Rupture of membranes before labour at <37 weeks gestation
14
Q
ARM/AROM
A
Artifical rupture of membranes
15
Q
SROM
A
Spontaneous rupture of membranes
16
Q
Braxton Hicks contractions
A
Painless uterine contractions in antenatal period
17
Q
Naegles rule
A
To estimate probable date of confinement
Add 9 months and 7 sdays to 1st day of last menstrual period
Correction needed if patient doesn’t have 28 day cycles
18
Q
First stage of labour
A
From start of labour until full dilatation of cervix
19
Q
Second stage of labour
A
From full dilatation of cervix until birth of baby
20
Q
Third stage of labour
A
From birth of baby until delivery of placenta and membranes
21
Q
Spurious/false labour
A
Uterine contractions > may be regular and/or painful, but aren’t associated with cervical effacement and dilatation
22
Q
Oxytocic
A
Medication > stimulates contractions of uterine muscle
23
Q
Toxolytic
A
Medication to stop uterine contractions
24
Q
Induction of labour
A
Process of causing labour to commence
25
Augmentation of labour
Process of stimulating a labour that's already started
26
Placenta praevia
Placenta that approaches/covers internal cervical os in late 2nd/3rd trimester
27
Vasa praevia
Foetal vessels lying in membranes in front of presenting part
28
Antepartum haemorrhage
Bleeding >5 mL from vagina after 20 weeks gestation
29
Abruption
Separation of placenta from uterus in antenatal/intrapartum period
30
Post-partum haemorrhage
Excessive vaginal bleeding within 24 hours of delivery
31
Secondary post-partum haemorrhage
Excess vaginal bleeding >24 hours after delivery
32
Placenta accreta
Placenta that invades myometrium
33
Uterine atony
Abnormal relaxation of uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding
34
Foetal haemolytic disease
Maternal blood group Abs cross placenta > haemolysis of foetal RBCs
Abs include
- D
- Others
35
CTG
Cardiotocograph
36
Neonatal death
Liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation/weighs >400 g if gestation unknown
37
Stillbirth
Infant born after 20 weeks gestation/weighs >400 g if gestation unknown who did not show any signs of life after birth
38
Perinatal mortality rate
Number of stillbirths + neonatal deaths per 1000 births
39
Maternal death
Death of woman while pregnant, irrespective of gestation/within 42 days of conclusion of pregnancy, irrespective of cause of death/gestation at delivery
40
Maternal mortality rate
Number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births
41
Infant death
Death of infant between 29 days and 1 year of life
42
Station
Level of descent of presenting part relative to pelvic brim/symphysis on abdominal palpation/to ischial spines on vaginal examination
43
Lie
Relationship between long axis of foetus and long axis of uterus
44
Position
Relationship of a defined area on presenting part (denominator) to motherr's pelvis
In cephalic presentation, denominator = occiput > foetal position described as
- Occipito-anterior (OA)
- Left occipitotransverse (LOT)
- Right occipitotransverse (ROT)
In breech position, denominator = sacrum
45
Presentation
Part of foetus which presenting
46
Asynclitism
Side to side tilt of foetal head
47
Caput
Oedema from obstructed venous return in foetal scalp caused by pressure of head against cervix
48
Cervical incompetence
Painless cervical dilatation in 2nd trimester causing preterm labour
49
Cord prolapse
Cord alongside/below presenting part in presence of ruptured membranes
50
Episiotomy
Surgical incision of perineum during 2nd stage of labour
51
Third degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves
- Vaginal mucosa
- Perineal muscle
- External anal sphincter
52
Second degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves
- Vaginal mucosa
- Perineal muscles
53
Lochia
Vaginal discharge during puerperium
54
Oligohydramnios
Reduced amniotic fluid
55
Polyhydramnios
Excess amniotic fluid
56
Pre-eclampsia
HTN and protinuria in pregnancy
57
Eclampsia
Seizure in clinical setting of pre-eclampsia
58
Amniocetesis
Sampling of amniotic fluid using needle through abdominal wall of woman
59
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Sampling of placenta using needle under US guidance
60
External cephalic version
Turning breech baby to cephalic presentation through maternal abdominal wall
61
Retained placenta
Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of baby
62
Precipitate labour
Labour <4 hours duration
63
Shoulder dystocia
Difficulty delivering shoulders after delivery of foetal head
64
Puerperium
6 weeks following delivery
65
Quickening
Maternal perception of foetal movements
66
Restitution
Rotation of foetal head after delivery to align with back and shoulders
67
Show
Discharge of blood and mucus from vagina in early labour/days preceding labour
68
Phototherapy
Use of standard fluorescent white/blue light therapy to photo-isomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion
69
Exchange transfusion
Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice
Blood removed and replaced with donor blood
Removes bilirubin and Abs causing haemolysis and jaundice
70
Low birth-weight baby
Less than 2500 g
71
Very low birth-weight baby
Less than 1500 g
72
Neonatal respiratory distress
Tachypnoea
Increased effort of breathing
Noisy breathing
Central cyanosis
73
Caesarean hysterectomy
Laparotomy at which contents of gravid uterus deliver > uterus removed
74
Perimortem caesarean section
Caesarean performed on moribund/dead woman with view to preserving her life
75
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
Overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, including
- Abnormally heavy bleeding
- Abnormally timed bleeding
76
Primary amenorrhoea
Failure to menstruate by 15-16 years of age in someone with secondary sexual characteristics
77
Delayed puberty
Failure to menstruate by 13-14 years of age in someone without secondary sexual characteristics
78
Secondary amenorrhoea
Absence periods for 6 months in woman who has previously had menstrual periods
79
Inter-menstrual bleeding
Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are
- Random
- Follow cyclical pattern
80
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Range of varying lengths of bleeding-free intervals >17 days within 1 90-day reference period
81
Prolonged menstrual bleeding
Prolonged menstrual bleeding for 10+ days in 1 episode
82
Acute AUB
Episode of heavy bleeding that, in clinican's opinion, is sufficiently heavy to need immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss
83
Chronic AUB
```
Bleeding from uterine corpus that's abnormal in
- Volume
- Duration
- Frequency
Present for mostof past 6 months
```
84
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman's physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life, occurring alone/with other symptoms
85
Infequent menstrual bleeding
1 or 2 episodes in 90-day period
86
Dysmenorrhoea
Pelvic pain during menstruation
87
Dyspareunia
Painful sexual intercourse
Deep dyspareunia = pain with intercourse deep in vagina
Superficial dyspareunia = pain with intercourse at
- Introitus
- Vulva
- Lower vagina
88
Cervical excitation
Pain felt by woman when cervix moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in peritoneal cavity
89
Cervical ectropion
Endocervical columnar epithelium prodrudes through external os of cervix and onto vaginal portion of cervix
90
Infertility
Failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after 121+ months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse
91
Endometriosis
Occurrence of endometrial tissue outside uterus, most commonly on pelvic peritoneal surfaces
92
Adenomyosis
Occurrence of endometrial tissue within myometrium
93
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Infection of
- Uterus
- Uterine tubes
- Pelvis
94
Menopause
Permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity where last period was 12 months prior
95
Premature menopause
Menopause occurring before 40
96
Induced menopause
Cessation of menstruation which follow surgical removal of both ovaries, with/without hysterectomy, or iatrogenic ablation of ovarian function
97
Climacteric/perimenopause
Period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear
98
Post-menopause
Time after menopause
99
Lactational amenorrhoea method
Effective contraception provided when woman fully breastfeeding baby <6 months of age, and has no return of menses
