Terms 1

Question 1

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Answer 1

Alpha waves

Question 2

Two Lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotions

Answer 2

Amygdala

Question 3

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs(such as the heart) Its sympathetic divisions arouses; its parasympathetic division claims

Answer 3

Autonomic nervous system

Question 4

The neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brain stem is responsible for automatic survival functions

Answer 5

Brain stem

Question 6

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Answer 6

Case Study

Question 7

The brain and spinal cord

Answer 7

Central nervous system

Question 8

The “little brain” at the rear of the brain stem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

Failing to notice changes in the environment

Answer 9

Change blindness

Question 10

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) That occurs on a 24-hour cycle

Answer 10

Circadain rhythm

Question 11

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Answer 11

Corpus callosum

Question 12

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

Answer 12

Correlation

Question 13

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Answer 13

Delta waves

Question 14

A neuron’s bushy branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Answer 14

Dendrites

Question 15

Drugs such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Answer 15

Depressants

Question 16

A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Answer 16

Dissociation

Question 17

The body’s slow chemical communication system. a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 17

Endocrine system

Question 18

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgment

Answer 18

Frontal lobe

Question 19

Psychedelic (‘mind manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions that evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Answer 19

Hallucinogens

Question 20

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it.(also know know as the I know it all along

Answer 20

Hindsight bias

Question 21

A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Answer 21

Hippocampus

Question 22

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggest to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Answer 22

Hypnosis

Question 23

A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotions and reward

Answer 23

Hypothalamus

Question 24

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Answer 24

Insomnia

Question 25

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content

Answer 25

Manifest content

Question 26

The base of the brain stem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Answer 26

Medulla

Question 27

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Answer 27

Narcolepsy

Question 28

The body's speedy electro chemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

Answer 28

Nervous system

Question 29

A sleep disorders characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two are three more of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

Answer 29

Night terrors

Question 30

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

Answer 30

Neuron

Question 31

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; include areas that receive information from the visual fields

Answer 31

Occipital lobe

Question 32

The tendency to be more confident than correct_to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgment

Answer 32

Overconfidence

Question 33

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions,, including vision. Contrasts with the step by step of most computers and conscious problem solving

Answer 33

Parallel processing

Question 34

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body positions

Answer 34

Parietal lobes

Question 35

Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent

Answer 35

Placebo Effect

Question 36

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Answer 36

Psychoactive drugs

Question 37

The science of behavior and mental process

Answer 37

Psychology

Question 38

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also know as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

Answer 38

REM Sleep

Question 39

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Answer 39

Selective attention

Question 40

A sleep disorders characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Answer 40

Sleep apnea

Question 41

A study method incorporating five steps, Survey, question, read,retrieve, review

Answer 41

SQ3R

Question 42

Drugs such as Caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine. Ecstasy and methamphetamine) That excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Answer 42

Stimulants

Question 43

Portion of cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Answer 43

Temporal lobe

Question 44

The brain's sensory router, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Answer 44

Thalamus

Question 45

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 45

Theory

Question 46

With repeated use, achieving the desired effect requires larger doses

Answer 46

Tolerance

Question 47

The discomforts and the distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drugs

Answer 47

Withdrawal