Terms & Definitions Flashcards
Expressive Aphasia (dysphasia outdated)
- Difficulty in expressing thoughts through speech or writing.
- Patients may know what they want to say but struggle to find the right words or construct sentences.
Receptive Aphasia (dysphasia outdated)
- Difficulty in understanding spoken or written language.
- Patients may hear the words but cannot comprehend their meaning.
Spatial Neglect
- Patients may ignore objects, people, or even their own limbs on one side, usually the left.
- They may fail to eat food on one side of their plate or shave only one side of their face.
Perceptual Neglect
- There is a lack of awareness of stimuli on the affected side, despite having no sensory deficits.
- Patients might not respond to sounds or visual stimuli coming from the neglected side.
Personal Neglect
Patients might neglect personal care activities on the affected side, such as grooming or dressing.
Motor Neglect
Reduced movement or use of the limbs on the affected side, even though there is no physical inability to move them.
Ataxia
characterized by a lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, leading to difficulties with balance, gait, and fine motor skills
Dystonia
characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal postures. These muscle contractions can affect one part of the body (focal dystonia), multiple parts (segmental dystonia), or the entire body (generalized dystonia)
Hypertonia vs Spasticity & Rigidity
- Hypertonus, or hypertonia, refers to an increased muscle tone. This condition can be broadly classified into two types: spasticity and rigidity. Hypertonia means the muscles are in a state of increased tension and resistance to stretch, but it does not specify the nature or cause of this increased tone
- Spasticity is a type of hypertonia that is specifically characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone.
- Rigidity is an increase in muscle tone that is not dependent on the speed of movement. The resistance to passive movement is constant throughout the entire range of motion.
Apraxia
characterized by the inability to perform learned (familiar) movements on command, even though the command is understood, and there is a willingness to perform the movement. This disorder is not due to weakness, paralysis, sensory loss, or a lack of understanding. Can also affect speech, language, ADLs
Hemianopia
Visual field defect that involves the loss of vision in half of the visual field of one or both eyes.
* 1. Homonymous Hemianopia:
- Characteristics: Loss of the same half of the visual field in both eyes (e.g., right or left side).
* 2. Bitemporal Hemianopia:
- Characteristics: Loss of the outer (temporal) halves of the visual field in both eyes
* 3. Binasal Hemianopia:
- Characteristics: Loss of the inner (nasal) halves of the visual field in both eyes.
Pusher Syndrome
neurological condition in which individuals with a brain injury or stroke push towards their affected side, often resulting in an abnormal posture and difficulty with balance and mobility. This condition is characterized by a tendency to lean or push towards the side of the body that is impaired or affected by the injury, which can complicate rehabilitation and daily activities.
Prosopagnosia
Type of agnosia, inability/difficulty with facial recognition and facial expression
Dyspraxia
Characterized by impaired coordination of physical movement (gross motor skills). Partial loss of ability to perform movements accurately. disorder that affects motor planning and the ability to coordinate movements
Vs apraxia which is complete loss
Agnosia
General term for condition relating to difficulties to recognize things. Inability to process sensory info. Does not affect smell or memory
Hemiplegia
A complete paralysis on one side of the body.
Hemiparesis
Partial paralysis on one side of the body.
