Terms to know

Question 1

Parasitology

Answer 1

study of parasites and their relationship to their host

Question 2

Phoresis

Answer 2

“Living together” - close interrelationship between 2 different organisms for long periods of time

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

both benefit; usually obligatory; physiologic dependence

Question 4

Commensalism

Answer 4

one partner benefits; host is not affected

Question 5

Parasitism

Answer 5

one either harms its hosts or lives at the hosts expense

Question 6

Dead - end or incidental hosts

Answer 6

do not develop high levels of the parasite in their system and cannot pass the pathogen on to other organisms

Question 7

Hyperparasitism

Answer 7

a parasite that is a host to another parasite

Question 8

Abberant

Answer 8

animal that is not the normal host of the parasite it is harboring

Question 9

Direct life cycle

Answer 9

parasite completes entire life cycle in one host species

Question 10

indirect life cycle

Answer 10

more than one host species is required to complete life cycle

Question 11

Ectoparasites

Answer 11

found on (not in) host

Question 12

Endoparasites

Answer 12

found internally in host

Question 13

Facultative parasite

Answer 13

“opportunist” - not normally a parasite (does not require a host to survive) but will become a parasite if opportunity arises

Question 14

Obligate parasite

Answer 14

all or part of the life cycle must be a parasitic relationship with a host

Question 15

incidental (exotic) parasite

Answer 15

normal host is a different species

Question 16

Definitive host

Answer 16

harbors sexual (mature) stages of parasite; if parasite undergoes sexual reproduction, it will occur in this host

Question 17

Intermediate host

Answer 17

required in life cycle of parasite; parasite undergoes some development in this host

Question 18

Paratenic or transport host

Answer 18

no parasite development in this host, but parasite remains alive and infective for another host (sort of a parasite “fail-safe” plan to continue its existence)

Question 19

Reservoir host

Answer 19

a host that serves as a source for the parasite to be transmitted to the usual host

Question 20

Biological vector

Answer 20

essential to the life cycle completion of the parasite. Parasite must undergo some of its life cycle in this vector

Question 21

Mechanical vector

Answer 21

vector is not required in life cycle of parasite; vector physically transfers infective stage of parasite to new host

Question 22

Sylvan cycle

Answer 22

a parasite cycles through its life cycle among wild animals normally

Question 23

Urban cycle

Answer 23

a parasite cycles among domestic animals. easy for man to get included in this cycle

Question 24

Etiology

Answer 24

the cause of a disease

Question 25

Pathogenesis

Answer 25

the processes involved in the development of the disease

Question 26

Amastigote

Answer 26

kinetoplast and kinetosome above the nucleus, flagellum short and confine in pocket. cell is globular

Question 27

Promastigote

Answer 27

kinetoplast and kinetosome at anterior end of cell, flagellum free and lone. cell is elongated

Question 28

Epimastigote

Answer 28

kinetoplast and kinetosome close and anterior to the nucleus. there is a short undulating membrane before the flagellum emerges at the anterior of the cell.

Question 29

Trypomastigote

Answer 29

kinetoplast and kinetosome at posterior end of cell. flagellum forms an undulating membrane that runs the length of the cell and may continue free when it reaches the anterior cell. cell is elongated

Question 30

Polyembryo

Answer 30

Development of many offspring from a single zygote

Question 31

Internal budding

Answer 31

New individual grows from somatic tissue of parent

Question 32

Schizogeny

Answer 32

(multiple fission) produces many daughter cells

Question 33

Binary fission

Answer 33

Mitotic division of 1 cell into 2

Question 34

Monoecious

Answer 34

(hermaphroditism) Single individual possesses gonads of both genders

Question 35

Dioecious

Answer 35

Each individual is a separate gender

Question 36

Katayama syndrome

Answer 36

severe reaction to eggs, fever, chill, abdominal pain, cough

Question 37

Clay pipestem fibrosis

Answer 37

portal vein surrounded by granulomas

Question 38

Rostellum

Answer 38

fleshy protuberance of the scolex of a tapeworm, which may or may not bear hooks

Question 39

Arrested Larval development

Answer 39

larvae undergo no further growth and have a slow metabolic rate

Question 40

Halzoun syndrome

Answer 40

Attachment of the adult pentasomes to nasopharyngeal tissues; causes pharyngeal discomfort, paroxysmal coughing, sneezing, dysphagia, and vomiting

Question 41

Extrinsic incubation period

Answer 41

time interval between infection of vector and first transmission of pathogen by vector

Question 42

Transovarial transmission

Answer 42

infection of eggs in ovaries of an infected female vector leading to new vector infection ("vertical transmission")

Question 43

"Dead-end" hosts

Answer 43

host that does not develop high titer of pathogens