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Second Semester (BSMT) > TERNAV PRELIM (saucy) > Flashcards

TERNAV PRELIM (saucy) Flashcards

1
Q

What color is a special buoy?

A

yellow

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2
Q

What is the purpose of special buoy in a navigational chart?

A

to indicate a special area/feature

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3
Q

How did navigators determine the vessel’s position before electric charting technologies?

A

both a and b (a. by visually observing ashore and plotting them on paper chart
b. by mathematically translating the observe altitude of celestial bodies)

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4
Q

Why do nautical chart have legal significance in marine accident?

A

because they have critical records for reconstructing their vent and the signing liability

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5
Q

What is NOT a purpose of a nautical chart?

A

to predict the rise and fall of the water

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6
Q

GPS impacted the chart accuracy in a way as EXCEPT?

A

it has resulted a new NOAA chart production

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7
Q

What is the significance of WGS 84 in surface navigation?

A

it is the same as the WGS 60, 66, 72 for surface navigation

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8
Q

Which WGS version was developed in 1960?

A

WGS 60

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9
Q

What type of projection is the Lambert Conformal Projection?

A

Conic projection

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10
Q

What is the Mercator projection commonly used for maritime navigation?

A

to show rhumb lines as straight lines

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10
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of a Mercator Projection?

A

expansion of both meridian and parallel in the same ratio with increased latitude

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11
Q

What is the chart datum?

A

An approximation of the actual mean height of sea level.

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12
Q

How is an ellipsoid uniquely defined?

A

By specifying the semi-major axis and the flattening.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the geoid in geodetic applications?

A

To approximate mean sea level (MSL) heights.

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14
Q

How many primary reference surfaces for the Earth are used in geodetic applications?

A

Three

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of electronic navigation?

A

Weather forecasting

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16
Q

What is the purpose of an echo sounder on a ship?

A

To send sound wave pulses for navigation

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17
Q

What is the definition of navigation?

A

The process of directing the movements of a craft from one point to another safely and at the shortest possible distance.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a passage plan in navigation?

A

To guide the vessel’s safe passage by determining the most favorable route

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19
Q

What is the purpose of piloting in navigation?

A

To determine the position of a vessel relative to geographic points

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20
Q

What is electronic navigation?

A

Navigation involving the use of electronics in any way

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method of radionavigation?

A

Deduced Reckoning

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22
Q

What is the main function of a passage plan?

A

To gather safety and navigation information for a safe voyage

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23
Q

What is the purpose of RADAR ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid)?

A

To calculate collision avoidance data

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24
Q

What is dead reckoning in navigation?

A

Determining position by advancing a known position for courses and distances

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25
Q

Why is it necessary to project the surface of a sphere onto a developable surface?

A

To transfer points on the surface of a sphere to a plane.

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26
Q

What is the geoid?

A

An equipotential surface that would coincide with the mean ocean surface of the Earth if the oceans and atmosphere were in equilibrium.

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27
Q

What is the difference between an ellipsoid height and a geoid height?

A

An ellipsoid height is the distance a given point is above or below the ellipsoid surface, while a geoid height is the distance the geoid surface is above or below the ellipsoid surface.

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28
Q

what are the five basic buoys, basic boyships mention in the voyage system?

A

can, cone, sphere, pillar spark

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29
Q

what color are reserved for lateral?

A

red and green

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30
Q

what are the 5 types of marks provided by the IALA maritime voyage system?

A

lateral marks, cardinal marks, isolated danger marks, safe water marks, special marks

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31
Q

what are the two principle of buoys system make shore in the system?

A

lateral system and cardinal system

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32
Q

what do range lights provide insight for maritime?

A

horizontal vessel positioning

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33
Q

what does a range consist of?

A

two or more beacons

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34
Q

what is the characteristic of an aid of the navigational light?

A

the sequence of light and dark periods within the specify time period

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35
Q

what are the buoys using for?

A

all of the above (a. marking channel limits
b. indicating isolated dangers c. warning hazards of danger)

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36
Q

what was the shore line shown in the charts represents?

A

mean high water line

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37
Q

In which year did the United States start producing certain new nautical charts in meters?

A

1972

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38
Q

which organizations approved the standard format for numberings types and symbol and abbreviations on navigational charts?

A

IHO

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39
Q

how are aids to navigational shown in nautical charts?

A

all of the above (a. by symbols listed in section…
b. by large black letters indicating the unit of measurement used for sounding c. by symbol in chart over what width and lower case)

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40
Q

what does a head line symbolizes on in nautical chart?

A

shore line

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41
Q

how are depths indicated on in nautical chart?

A

all of the above (a. by soundings
b. by depth contours
c. by depth conversion scale)

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42
Q

what is the scale of harbor chart?

A

larger than 150,000

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43
Q

what is the purpose of the sailing chart?

A

to be used for plotting, fixing position at sea and plotting dead reckoning in the voyage

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44
Q

how are nautical charts classified according to
scale?

A

small scale chart are used for route planning while larger scale chart are used as the vessel approaches run

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45
Q

what are the advantage of using electronic chart over paper chart?

A

all of the above (a. electronic chart reduce the navigational workload
b. electronic chart provide symbol and reliable updating probabilities
c. electronic chart and disclaim all necessary chart information for safe and efficient navigation)

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46
Q

what is the legal equivalent of the paper chart in which certain specification?

A

ECDIS

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47
Q

What is the scale range of general charts?

A

About 1:150,000 to 1:600,000

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48
Q

What is the main difference between the position display on an electronic chart and a paper chart?

A

The position display on an electronic chart is the present position, while on a paper chart it is the position at the time it was received several minutes ago.

49
Q

Why is it essential for navigators to have an accurate and real-time vessel position near shore?

A

To assess the safety of the ship and its progress towards its destination

50
Q

What is NOT a purpose of a nautical chart

A

To predict the rise and fall of water

51
Q

What is the purpose of an electronic navigational chart (ENC)?

A

To provide supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart

To store a set of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) and/or Raster Charts for safe navigation

To facilitate simple and reliable updating of the electronic navigational chart

All of the above

52
Q

Which is NOT a scale on a nautical chart?

A

A measurement of charted vertical and horizontal datum

53
Q

What is the role of NOAA in providing paper nautical charts?

A

They review charts weekly and apply necessary corrections

They offer print-on-demand charts that are up-to-date at the time of purchase

They certify agents to meet the requirements for the mandatory carriage of nautical charts

All of the above >

54
Q

How are nautical charts classified according to scale?

A

Small-scale charts are used for route planning and offshore navigation, while larger scale charts are used as the vessel approaches land

55
Q

warn of hazards to be avoided such as shallows or rocks. Their markings and shape indicate which side of a buoy a vessel should pass and are placed. . They are painted in combinations of yellow and black and have two distinct cone shapes on top, arranged in different combinations to help identify them

A

Cardinal marks

56
Q

are used to indicate a single hazard, such as a wreck, which has navigable water all around it. Vessels should keep well clear of the mark on all sides. They are coloured black with red bands and have two black balls above each other on the top of the mark.

A

Isolated danger marks

57
Q

indicate there is safe water all around the mark. They are used at the start ofa buoyed channel when approaching a harbour from the sea. They coloured with red and white vertical stripes

A

Safe water marks

58
Q

are not intended primarily as navigation marks. They are used to mark the boundaries of areas used for recreation eg water skiing or bathing, as racing marks and also for naval activities such as gunnery ranges. Special marks are coloured yellow and can be a variety of shapes

A

Special marks

59
Q

were introduced in 2006 and are used as emergency marks for recent wrecks or new hazards which do not appear on nautical charts. They are coloured with blue and yellow vertical stripes

A

New danger marks

60
Q

indicate the port and starboard sides of navigable channels. These are used in accordance with the direction of buoyage for the region or specific location, as indicated on marine charts.

A

Lateral marks

61
Q

port lateral marks and lights are coloured red

A

IALA REGION A

62
Q

port lateral marks and lights are coloured green

A

IALA REGION B

63
Q

IALA A is used by countries in

A

Africa, most of Asia, Australia, Europe and India.

64
Q

IALA B is used by countries in

A

North, Central and South America, Japan, Korea and thePhilippines

65
Q

IALA

A

(International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and LighthouseAuthorities) (1971 in the dover straits)

66
Q

is stated in the chart title. In all cases the unit of depth used is shown in the chart title and in the border of the chart in bold type.

A

soundings

67
Q

rocks and banks that cover and uncover the elevations are above the sounding datum as stated in the chart title

A

Drying Heights-On

68
Q

represents the line of contact between the land and a selected water elevation

A

shoreline

69
Q

are optional for characterizing various features and areas on the charts. For instance the land tint in this publication is gold as used on charts of theNational Ocean Service

A

colors

70
Q

in the US and the UK, corrections and notifications of new editions are provided by various governmental agencies by way of

A

Notice to Mariners,

71
Q

are floating aids to navigation, anchored at specific locations via chain or synthetic line attached to concrete or cast-steel sinkers. They are used to mark channel limits, indicate isolated dangers, shoals, and obstructions, and to warn the mariner of hazards or dangers.

A

Buoys

72
Q

has a distinctive rhythm or characteristic, which is the sequence of light and dark periods within a specified time period; or when the light is on or off.

A

aid to navigation light

73
Q

The period of darkness within the sequence is referred to as the

A

eclipse.

74
Q

is a stationary, short range visual aid to navigation that is fixed to terra firma or the seabed via a foundation, as such they are often referred to as fixed aids to navigation.

A

beacon

75
Q

They are lighted, unlighted, or audible. They range in size, type, and signal capability from large lighthouses to single-pile day beacons to onshore sound signals

A

beacon

76
Q

Beacon types include:

A

Lighthouses, lights, ranges, leading lights, day beacons, sound signals, RACONs and AIS-ATON

77
Q

consists of two or more beacons so positioned with respect to each other that when seen aligned they mark a line of definite bearing, the range line commonly delineating the centerline of a navigation channel

A

range lights

78
Q

provide horizontal vessel positioning insight to mariners transiting the Range Line by vertically displaying white, red, green or yellow lights (rear light above and behind the forward light)

A

Range lights

79
Q

The duplicate mark may carry a Racon, Morse coded D, showing a signal length of 1 nautical mile on a radar display

A

Racons

80
Q

There has long been disagreement over the way in which buoy lights should be used since they first appeared towards the

A

end of the 19th century.

81
Q

The _ applies to all fixed and floating marks, other than lighthouses, sector lights, range lights, day marks, lightships and large navigational buoys,

A

IALA Maritime Buoyage System

82
Q

the purpose of which is apparent from reference to the chart or other nautical documents

A

Special marks,

83
Q

such as mid channel buoy

A

Safe water marks,

84
Q

erected on, or moored directly on or over, dangers of limited extent

A

Isolated danger marks

85
Q

, named according to the four points of the compass, indicate that the navigable water lies to the named side of the mark

A

Cardinal marks

86
Q

indicate port and starboard sides of channels

A

Lateral marks

87
Q

consists of over 3,500 admiralty charts with coverage appropriate for navigation of deep sea ocean crossings, passage planning, coastal navigation, port approaches and harbour berthing

A

chart catalogue

88
Q

simplifies the passage planning process by making the identification of T&P NMs relevant to the intended voyage quick and easy. The Catalogue allows T&P NMs to be displayed geographically, searched, viewed either individually or as a user-defined group, saved, and printed.

A

ADMIRALTY Digital Catalogue

89
Q

provides a comprehensive and up-to-date reference of ADMIRALTY Maritime Products & Services, including Standard NavigationalCharts and Publications, as well as AVCS, ARCS, and ADMIRALTY ECDIS Services. Users can search for these products by type, scale, or a defined route, with weekly updates available online to keep you fully up-to-date

A

ADMIRALTY Digital Catalogue (ADC)

90
Q

are written directions that describe the routes to be taken by boats and ships during coastal navigation and port approaches

A

Sailing Directions

91
Q

provides coverage of over 85000 light structures including lighthouses, lightships, lit floating marks, fog signals

A

ADMIRALTY List of Lights andFog Signals

92
Q

the position display on the chart is the present position

A

ECDIS system

93
Q

used the position plotted on the chart was the position at the time it was received several minutes ago

A

paper charts

94
Q

is the database, standardized as to content, structure and format, issued for use with ECDIS on the authority of government authorized hydrographic offices.

A

electronic navigational chart (ENC)

95
Q

contains all the chart information necessary for safe navigation and may contain supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart(e.g. sailing directions) which may be considered necessary for safe navigation

A

electronic navigational chart (ENC)

96
Q

data is stored as picture elements (pixels).Each pixel is a minute component of the chart image with a defined color and brightness level

A

Raster navigational chart (RNC)

97
Q

is the ratio of a given distance on the chart to the actual distance which it represents on the earth

A

scale of a chart

98
Q

may be drawn at a convenient place on the chart and subdivided into nautical miles, meters, etc

A

line or bar called a graphic scale

99
Q

are the smallest scale charts used for planning, fixing position at sea, and for plotting the dead reckoning while proceeding on a long voyage. The scale is generally smaller than 1:600,000.

A

Sailing charts

100
Q

are intended for coastwise navigation outside of outlying reefs and shoals.

A

General charts

101
Q

General charts scales range

A

The scales range from about 1:150,000 to 1:600,000

102
Q

are intended for inshore coastwise navigation, for entering or leaving bays and harbors of considerable width, and for navigating large inland waterways

A

Coastal charts

103
Q

Coastal charts scales range

A

scales range from about 1:50,000 to 1:150,000

104
Q

are intended for navigation and anchorage in harbors and small waterways.

A

Harbor charts

105
Q

Harbor charts scale

A

scale is generally larger than 1:50,000

106
Q

represents the line of contact between the land and water at a selected vertical datum.In areas affected by tidal fluctuations, this is usually the mean high-water line.

A

shoreline

107
Q

should be the first thing a navigator looks at when receiving a new edition chart (refer to Figure 430). The title itself tells what area the chart covers

A

title block

108
Q

are not shown to scale, but they indicate the correct position of the feature to which they refer.

A

Chart Symbols

109
Q

Soundings are supplemented by _, lines connecting points of equal depth

A

depth contours

110
Q

similar to the contours shown on land areas to indicate graduations in height

A

bottom contour or bathymetric charts

111
Q

A rock uncovered at mean high water may be shown as an

A

islet

112
Q

a height measured from the geoid to a point is called an .

A

orthometric height

113
Q

is the most common projection used in maritime navigation, primarily because rhumb lines plot as straight lines

A

Mercator

114
Q

points on the surface of the earth are transferred to a tangent cone

A

simple conic projection

115
Q

is the network of latitude and longitude lines laid out in accordance with the principles of any projection

A

graticule

116
Q
  • Efforts of the Army, Navy, and Air Force were combined, leading to the development of the DoD
A

WGS 60)

117
Q

large quantities of additional data had become available from both Doppler and optical satellites, surface gravity surveys, triangulation and trilateration surveys, high precision traverses, and astronomic surveys

A

WGS 66

118
Q

After an extensive effort extending over a period of approximately three years, the Committee completed the development of the Department of Defense World Geodetic System

A

(WGS 72

119
Q

is a specified coordinate system for a collection of positions on the surface of the earth

A

horizontal datum

120
Q

is a collection of specific points on the Earth with known heights either above or below mean sea level. Near coastal areas, mean sea level is determined with a tide gauge. In areas far away from the shore, mean sea level is determined by the shape of the geoid

A

vertical datum

Second Semester (BSMT) (11 decks)

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