TERNAV PRELIM (saucy) Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What color is a special buoy?
A
yellow
2
Q
What is the purpose of special buoy in a navigational chart?
A
to indicate a special area/feature
3
Q
How did navigators determine the vessel’s position before electric charting technologies?
A
both a and b (a. by visually observing ashore and plotting them on paper chart
b. by mathematically translating the observe altitude of celestial bodies)
4
Q
Why do nautical chart have legal significance in marine accident?
A
because they have critical records for reconstructing their vent and the signing liability
5
Q
What is NOT a purpose of a nautical chart?
A
to predict the rise and fall of the water
6
Q
GPS impacted the chart accuracy in a way as EXCEPT?
A
it has resulted a new NOAA chart production
7
Q
What is the significance of WGS 84 in surface navigation?
A
it is the same as the WGS 60, 66, 72 for surface navigation
8
Q
Which WGS version was developed in 1960?
A
WGS 60
9
Q
What type of projection is the Lambert Conformal Projection?
A
Conic projection
10
Q
What is the Mercator projection commonly used for maritime navigation?
A
to show rhumb lines as straight lines
10
Q
What is the distinguishing feature of a Mercator Projection?
A
expansion of both meridian and parallel in the same ratio with increased latitude
11
Q
What is the chart datum?
A
An approximation of the actual mean height of sea level.
12
Q
How is an ellipsoid uniquely defined?
A
By specifying the semi-major axis and the flattening.
13
Q
What is the purpose of the geoid in geodetic applications?
A
To approximate mean sea level (MSL) heights.
14
Q
How many primary reference surfaces for the Earth are used in geodetic applications?
A
Three
15
Q
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of electronic navigation?
A
Weather forecasting
16
Q
What is the purpose of an echo sounder on a ship?
A
To send sound wave pulses for navigation
17
Q
What is the definition of navigation?
A
The process of directing the movements of a craft from one point to another safely and at the shortest possible distance.
18
Q
What is the purpose of a passage plan in navigation?
A
To guide the vessel’s safe passage by determining the most favorable route
19
Q
What is the purpose of piloting in navigation?
A
To determine the position of a vessel relative to geographic points
20
Q
What is electronic navigation?
A
Navigation involving the use of electronics in any way
21
Q
Which of the following is NOT a method of radionavigation?
A
Deduced Reckoning
22
Q
What is the main function of a passage plan?
A
To gather safety and navigation information for a safe voyage
23
Q
What is the purpose of RADAR ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid)?
A
To calculate collision avoidance data
24
What is dead reckoning in navigation?
Determining position by advancing a known position for courses and distances
25
Why is it necessary to project the surface of a sphere onto a developable surface?
To transfer points on the surface of a sphere to a plane.
26
What is the geoid?
An equipotential surface that would coincide with the mean ocean surface of the Earth if the oceans and atmosphere were in equilibrium.
27
What is the difference between an ellipsoid height and a geoid height?
An ellipsoid height is the distance a given point is above or below the ellipsoid surface, while a geoid height is the distance the geoid surface is above or below the ellipsoid surface.
28
what are the five basic buoys, basic boyships mention in the voyage system?
can, cone, sphere, pillar spark
29
what color are reserved for lateral?
red and green
30
what are the 5 types of marks provided by the IALA maritime voyage system?
lateral marks, cardinal marks, isolated danger marks, safe water marks, special marks
31
what are the two principle of buoys system make shore in the system?
lateral system and cardinal system
32
what do range lights provide insight for maritime?
horizontal vessel positioning
33
what does a range consist of?
two or more beacons
34
what is the characteristic of an aid of the navigational light?
the sequence of light and dark periods within the specify time period
35
what are the buoys using for?
all of the above (a. marking channel limits
b. indicating isolated dangers c. warning hazards of danger)
36
what was the shore line shown in the charts represents?
mean high water line
37
In which year did the United States start producing certain new nautical charts in meters?
1972
38
which organizations approved the standard format for numberings types and symbol and abbreviations on navigational charts?
IHO
39
how are aids to navigational shown in nautical charts?
all of the above (a. by symbols listed in section...
b. by large black letters indicating the unit of measurement used for sounding c. by symbol in chart over what width and lower case)
40
what does a head line symbolizes on in nautical chart?
shore line
41
how are depths indicated on in nautical chart?
all of the above (a. by soundings
b. by depth contours
c. by depth conversion scale)
42
what is the scale of harbor chart?
larger than 150,000
43
what is the purpose of the sailing chart?
to be used for plotting, fixing position at sea and plotting dead reckoning in the voyage
44
how are nautical charts classified according to
scale?
small scale chart are used for route planning while larger scale chart are used as the vessel approaches run
45
what are the advantage of using electronic chart over paper chart?
all of the above (a. electronic chart reduce the navigational workload
b. electronic chart provide symbol and reliable updating probabilities
c. electronic chart and disclaim all necessary chart information for safe and efficient navigation)
46
what is the legal equivalent of the paper chart in which certain specification?
ECDIS
47
What is the scale range of general charts?
About 1:150,000 to 1:600,000
48
What is the main difference between the position display on an electronic chart and a paper chart?
The position display on an electronic chart is the present position, while on a paper chart it is the position at the time it was received several minutes ago.
49
Why is it essential for navigators to have an accurate and real-time vessel position near shore?
To assess the safety of the ship and its progress towards its destination
50
What is NOT a purpose of a nautical chart
To predict the rise and fall of water
51
What is the purpose of an electronic navigational chart (ENC)?
To provide supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart
To store a set of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) and/or Raster Charts for safe navigation
To facilitate simple and reliable updating of the electronic navigational chart
All of the above
52
Which is NOT a scale on a nautical chart?
A measurement of charted vertical and horizontal datum
53
What is the role of NOAA in providing paper nautical charts?
They review charts weekly and apply necessary corrections
They offer print-on-demand charts that are up-to-date at the time of purchase
They certify agents to meet the requirements for the mandatory carriage of nautical charts
All of the above >
54
How are nautical charts classified according to scale?
Small-scale charts are used for route planning and offshore navigation, while larger scale charts are used as the vessel approaches land
55
warn of hazards to be avoided such as shallows or rocks. Their markings and shape indicate which side of a buoy a vessel should pass and are placed. . They are painted in combinations of yellow and black and have two distinct cone shapes on top, arranged in different combinations to help identify them
Cardinal marks
56
are used to indicate a single hazard, such as a wreck, which has navigable water all around it. Vessels should keep well clear of the mark on all sides. They are coloured black with red bands and have two black balls above each other on the top of the mark.
Isolated danger marks
57
indicate there is safe water all around the mark. They are used at the start ofa buoyed channel when approaching a harbour from the sea. They coloured with red and white vertical stripes
Safe water marks
58
are not intended primarily as navigation marks. They are used to mark the boundaries of areas used for recreation eg water skiing or bathing, as racing marks and also for naval activities such as gunnery ranges. Special marks are coloured yellow and can be a variety of shapes
Special marks
59
were introduced in 2006 and are used as emergency marks for recent wrecks or new hazards which do not appear on nautical charts. They are coloured with blue and yellow vertical stripes
New danger marks
60
indicate the port and starboard sides of navigable channels. These are used in accordance with the direction of buoyage for the region or specific location, as indicated on marine charts.
Lateral marks
61
port lateral marks and lights are coloured red
IALA REGION A
62
port lateral marks and lights are coloured green
IALA REGION B
63
IALA A is used by countries in
Africa, most of Asia, Australia, Europe and India.
64
IALA B is used by countries in
North, Central and South America, Japan, Korea and thePhilippines
65
IALA
(International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and LighthouseAuthorities) (1971 in the dover straits)
66
is stated in the chart title. In all cases the unit of depth used is shown in the chart title and in the border of the chart in bold type.
soundings
67
rocks and banks that cover and uncover the elevations are above the sounding datum as stated in the chart title
Drying Heights-On
68
represents the line of contact between the land and a selected water elevation
shoreline
69
are optional for characterizing various features and areas on the charts. For instance the land tint in this publication is gold as used on charts of theNational Ocean Service
colors
70
in the US and the UK, corrections and notifications of new editions are provided by various governmental agencies by way of
Notice to Mariners,
71
are floating aids to navigation, anchored at specific locations via chain or synthetic line attached to concrete or cast-steel sinkers. They are used to mark channel limits, indicate isolated dangers, shoals, and obstructions, and to warn the mariner of hazards or dangers.
Buoys
72
has a distinctive rhythm or characteristic, which is the sequence of light and dark periods within a specified time period; or when the light is on or off.
aid to navigation light
73
The period of darkness within the sequence is referred to as the
eclipse.
74
is a stationary, short range visual aid to navigation that is fixed to terra firma or the seabed via a foundation, as such they are often referred to as fixed aids to navigation.
beacon
75
They are lighted, unlighted, or audible. They range in size, type, and signal capability from large lighthouses to single-pile day beacons to onshore sound signals
beacon
76
Beacon types include:
Lighthouses, lights, ranges, leading lights, day beacons, sound signals, RACONs and AIS-ATON
77
consists of two or more beacons so positioned with respect to each other that when seen aligned they mark a line of definite bearing, the range line commonly delineating the centerline of a navigation channel
range lights
78
provide horizontal vessel positioning insight to mariners transiting the Range Line by vertically displaying white, red, green or yellow lights (rear light above and behind the forward light)
Range lights
79
The duplicate mark may carry a Racon, Morse coded D, showing a signal length of 1 nautical mile on a radar display
Racons
80
There has long been disagreement over the way in which buoy lights should be used since they first appeared towards the
end of the 19th century.
81
The _ applies to all fixed and floating marks, other than lighthouses, sector lights, range lights, day marks, lightships and large navigational buoys,
IALA Maritime Buoyage System
82
the purpose of which is apparent from reference to the chart or other nautical documents
Special marks,
83
such as mid channel buoy
Safe water marks,
84
erected on, or moored directly on or over, dangers of limited extent
Isolated danger marks
85
, named according to the four points of the compass, indicate that the navigable water lies to the named side of the mark
Cardinal marks
86
indicate port and starboard sides of channels
Lateral marks
87
consists of over 3,500 admiralty charts with coverage appropriate for navigation of deep sea ocean crossings, passage planning, coastal navigation, port approaches and harbour berthing
chart catalogue
88
simplifies the passage planning process by making the identification of T&P NMs relevant to the intended voyage quick and easy. The Catalogue allows T&P NMs to be displayed geographically, searched, viewed either individually or as a user-defined group, saved, and printed.
ADMIRALTY Digital Catalogue
89
provides a comprehensive and up-to-date reference of ADMIRALTY Maritime Products & Services, including Standard NavigationalCharts and Publications, as well as AVCS, ARCS, and ADMIRALTY ECDIS Services. Users can search for these products by type, scale, or a defined route, with weekly updates available online to keep you fully up-to-date
ADMIRALTY Digital Catalogue (ADC)
90
are written directions that describe the routes to be taken by boats and ships during coastal navigation and port approaches
Sailing Directions
91
provides coverage of over 85000 light structures including lighthouses, lightships, lit floating marks, fog signals
ADMIRALTY List of Lights andFog Signals
92
the position display on the chart is the present position
ECDIS system
93
used the position plotted on the chart was the position at the time it was received several minutes ago
paper charts
94
is the database, standardized as to content, structure and format, issued for use with ECDIS on the authority of government authorized hydrographic offices.
electronic navigational chart (ENC)
95
contains all the chart information necessary for safe navigation and may contain supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart(e.g. sailing directions) which may be considered necessary for safe navigation
electronic navigational chart (ENC)
96
data is stored as picture elements (pixels).Each pixel is a minute component of the chart image with a defined color and brightness level
Raster navigational chart (RNC)
97
is the ratio of a given distance on the chart to the actual distance which it represents on the earth
scale of a chart
98
may be drawn at a convenient place on the chart and subdivided into nautical miles, meters, etc
line or bar called a graphic scale
99
are the smallest scale charts used for planning, fixing position at sea, and for plotting the dead reckoning while proceeding on a long voyage. The scale is generally smaller than 1:600,000.
Sailing charts
100
are intended for coastwise navigation outside of outlying reefs and shoals.
General charts
101
General charts scales range
The scales range from about 1:150,000 to 1:600,000
102
are intended for inshore coastwise navigation, for entering or leaving bays and harbors of considerable width, and for navigating large inland waterways
Coastal charts
103
Coastal charts scales range
scales range from about 1:50,000 to 1:150,000
104
are intended for navigation and anchorage in harbors and small waterways.
Harbor charts
105
Harbor charts scale
scale is generally larger than 1:50,000
106
represents the line of contact between the land and water at a selected vertical datum.In areas affected by tidal fluctuations, this is usually the mean high-water line.
shoreline
107
should be the first thing a navigator looks at when receiving a new edition chart (refer to Figure 430). The title itself tells what area the chart covers
title block
108
are not shown to scale, but they indicate the correct position of the feature to which they refer.
Chart Symbols
109
Soundings are supplemented by _, lines connecting points of equal depth
depth contours
110
similar to the contours shown on land areas to indicate graduations in height
bottom contour or bathymetric charts
111
A rock uncovered at mean high water may be shown as an
islet
112
a height measured from the geoid to a point is called an .
orthometric height
113
is the most common projection used in maritime navigation, primarily because rhumb lines plot as straight lines
Mercator
114
points on the surface of the earth are transferred to a tangent cone
simple conic projection
115
is the network of latitude and longitude lines laid out in accordance with the principles of any projection
graticule
116
- Efforts of the Army, Navy, and Air Force were combined, leading to the development of the DoD
WGS 60)
117
large quantities of additional data had become available from both Doppler and optical satellites, surface gravity surveys, triangulation and trilateration surveys, high precision traverses, and astronomic surveys
WGS 66
118
After an extensive effort extending over a period of approximately three years, the Committee completed the development of the Department of Defense World Geodetic System
(WGS 72
119
is a specified coordinate system for a collection of positions on the surface of the earth
horizontal datum
120
is a collection of specific points on the Earth with known heights either above or below mean sea level. Near coastal areas, mean sea level is determined with a tide gauge. In areas far away from the shore, mean sea level is determined by the shape of the geoid
vertical datum
