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Second Semester (BSMT) > HISTORY (MIDTERM) > Flashcards

HISTORY (MIDTERM) Flashcards

1
Q

During the High Middle Ages(1050-1300 CE), a series of military expeditions called the _

A

Crusades

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2
Q

was launched from Christian Europe against the peoples of theNear East.

A

Crusades

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3
Q

Crusades Led to discovery and some products that were not available in Europe;

A

porcelain, silk, incense, herbs, perfumes, fabrics, carpets, spices

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4
Q

became the most expensive and in-demand commodity among the Europeans.

A

Spices

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5
Q

Many merchants aspired to _ their supply and distribution of spices in theEuropean market

A

monopolize

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6
Q

were deemed expensive and disrupted by wars, natural calamities and bandits

A

Trade routes

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7
Q

closed during the conquest by the OttomanEmpire of Constantinople in _ which forced European Kingdoms to look for ways to purchase spices directly from the source.

A

Spice Trade routes, 1453

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8
Q

Ocean as an area to look for

A

SpiceIslands (Moluccas)

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9
Q

Put up a maritime school that trained sailors who later discover an _– gave Portugal lots of economic benefits.

A

Eastern Sea Route via the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean

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10
Q

The marriage of Queen Isabella of Castile and King FerdinandII of Aragon occurred in _

A

1469

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11
Q

Spain financed the trans-Atlantic voyages of

A

Christopher Columbus

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12
Q

to go East by sailing Westward, a proposal thatPortugal refused to finance.

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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13
Q

Original Account by Antonio Pigafetta

A

Magellan’s Voyage Aroundthe World

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14
Q

is one of the most important primary sources in the study of pre-colonial Philippines

A

Pigafetta’s travelogue

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15
Q

By examining the document, it revealed not only how thePhilippine polities were during the pre-colonial but also how the _ from our native inhabitants

A

perspective of the Europeans are very much different

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16
Q

_ came to them and showed _ in seeing them

A

Nine men. joy and eagerness

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17
Q

Instead, Magellan asked for money for the needs of his ships and expressed they are

A

friends and not enemies.

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18
Q

The leader or the King of the Ballanghai sent his men to the ship of Magellan and offered a _, but Magellan refused.

A

bar of gold and chest of ginger

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19
Q

They then left the island on March 25, 1521, and recounted seeing two _ a longboat full of people in Mazzava / Mazaua

A

Ballanghai(balangay),

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20
Q

The fleet went to Humunu island (Homonhon), and there they found the first signs of gold on the island (the WateringPlace of Good Signs). They named the island with the nearby islands as the archipelago of

A

St. Lazarus

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21
Q

, the largest and the richest of the islands

A

Cebu

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22
Q

They went to the sick man and baptized him and Pigafetta recorded that the man was able to speak again –

A

Miracle

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23
Q

Magellan insisted that they should instead put their faith in

A

Jesus Christ

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24
Q

, a principal man from the island of Matan (Mactan), went to see Magellan and asked him for aboat full of men so that he could fight the chief named Silapulapu (Lapulapu).

A

Zula

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25
Q

Magellan offered _ instead and expressed his desire to go to Mactan himself to fight the said chief

A

three boats

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26
Q

They numbered _, and the islanders of Mactan were estimated to number _

A

49 in total, 1500

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27
Q

Magellan’s forces arrived in Mactan in

A

daylight.

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28
Q

Magellan died through a

A

piercing of a poisoned arrow in his right leg

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29
Q

The King of Cebu offered gifts to Lapulapu in order to retrieve Magellan’s body ,but the chief refused as they wanted

A

to keep the body as a memento of their victory.

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30
Q

he was a chronicler commissioned by theKing of Spain to accompany and document a voyage intended to expand theSpanish empire

A

Pigafetta

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31
Q

He was also of noble descent who came from a wealthy family in Italy

A

Pigafetta

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32
Q
  • the year Philippines became a Spanish colony
A

1565

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33
Q

He was known to have lived modestly and was concerned with the welfare of the Filipino; aside fromChristian doctrine, natives should be educated.* He suggested that through the process of compiling the Customs (of the Tagalogs).

A

Juan de Plasencia’s Custom of the Tagalogs

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34
Q

Written in 1589, it was the earliest descriptive written work on early Filipino society

A

Juan de Plasencia’s Custom of the Tagalogs

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35
Q

The socio-political structure of early Tagalogs was led by _, who also served as war captains. They lead several hundred houses also known collectively as

A

dato, barangay.

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36
Q

nobles or the

A

maharlica

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37
Q

commoners or the

A

aliping namamahay who served theirmaster

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38
Q

slaves or the

A

aliping sa guiguilir (saguiguilid) who also served their master, but they could be sold

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39
Q

Juan de Plasencia also expressed dismay about the culture on

A

debts and loans.

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40
Q

Believe in afterlife which they would go to the so-called

A

maca or paradise.

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41
Q

, which means a temple or place of adoration

A

simbahan

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42
Q

when they wished to celebrate a festival, which the called

A

pandot(worship)

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43
Q

the whole barangay, or family, united and joined in the worship which they call

A

nagaanitos

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44
Q

Among their many idols there was one called _, whom they especially worshiP

A

Badhala

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45
Q

Published in 1609 while he was reassigned in Mexico

A

Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las IslasFilipinas

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46
Q

was called to serve as assistant to the Governor-General in 1593

A

Antonio

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47
Q

He described, “natives throughout the islands can write excellently certain characters, almost like the Greek or Arabic

A

Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las IslasFilipinas

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48
Q

He also talked about chiefs, slaves, marriage, inheritance, loans, crimes, religions, the coming of Islam, and the arrival of the Spaniards and the foundation of Manila

A

Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las IslasFilipinas

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49
Q

The _ became the cabezas de barangay whose job is to collect taxes (tributo) to be paid to the encomendero

A

datus

50
Q

On barangay and some of the justice system

A

Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las IslasFilipinas

51
Q

The natives of these islands have also their personal services, which they are obliged to render – in some parts more than in others – to the Spaniards. These are done indifferent ways, and are commonly called the

A

POLO

52
Q

Morga described some of the Philippine islands that have _ (and other commodities) that theSpaniards wanted to extract and sell

A

gold

53
Q

calombigas

A

(bracelets)

54
Q

where there is good gold mixed with copper. This commodity is also traded in the Ylocos

A

Camarines,

55
Q

account showed an important shift in the native’s political system

A

Morga’s

56
Q

Recounted the presence of what they called ‘Moros’ in the archipelago

A

Francisco de Sande’s Letter to Estevan Rodriguez deFigueroa

57
Q

This is a letter from Governor Sande instructing Captain Figueroa to subdue the islands of _,

A

Jolo

58
Q

an island known for extraordinary pearls dated May 23, 1578

A

Jolo

59
Q

The purpose of the letter was to _ to add to the Spanish coffers

A

further the Spanish hold into Mindanao for potential revenues

60
Q

In the letter, Sande spells out that the Moro’s belief (Islam) is

A

is evil, and Christianity alone is good

61
Q

Thus, the Spaniards had the _to stop the spread of Islam and convert the inhabitants to Christianity

A

moral ascendancy

62
Q

The Spaniards subdued most of Luzon and Visayas but

A

not so much of Muslim Mindanao

63
Q

The revolution that signaled the end of the long Spanish era started in August 1896, upon the discovery of

A

Katipunan

64
Q

– a secret organization led and founded by Andres Bonifacio in its early stages

A

KATIPUNAN

65
Q

internal conflict in the movement escalated to the tragic execution of Bonifacio on _, and the leadership was taken over by

A

May 10, 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo.

66
Q

(KKK)

A

Kataastaasan, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

67
Q

it envisioned a united Filipino nation that would revolt against the Spaniards for the total independence of the country

A

kkk

68
Q

The organization created a complex structure and a defined _ that would guide the organization as a _, which aspired for a _

A

value system, collective, single goal

69
Q

One of the essential Katipunan documents was the

A

Kartilya ng Katipunan

70
Q

(Lessons of the Organization of the Sons of Country)

A

Manga Aral Nang Katipunan ng mga Anak Nang Bayan

71
Q

wrote this document in 1896, at aged 18upon joining the movement. He was a law student a tUST

A

Emilio Jacinto

72
Q

showed matured intellect despite being young and Bonifacio favored his Kartilya as a document to be distributed to fellow Katipuneros

A

Jacinto

73
Q

to be the Secretary of the organization and also too kover leading its printing press -

A

Kalayaan

74
Q

On _ – Jacinto was appointed by Bonifacio as a commander of the Katipunan in _

A

April 15, 1897, Northern Luzon

75
Q

Jacinto died of

A

Malaria at age 24 in Magdalena, Laguna

76
Q

The Kartilya can be treated as the

A

organization’s code of conduct

77
Q

can be treated as the organization’s code of conduct

A

Kartilya

78
Q

Kartilya contained _that instruct the way a Katipunero should behave and the values that he should uphold

A

14 rules

79
Q

are rules that will make the member an upright individual

A

first group

80
Q

includes rules that will guide the way they treat their fellow

A

second

81
Q

The First code of conduct simple tells us that we must have a

A

purpose-driven life

82
Q

II Kartilya means that

A

we must not be selfish

83
Q

III Kartilya

A

It gives us the real definition of true act of kindness

84
Q

4th rule highlights

A

EQUALITY

85
Q

5th rule

A

honoring oneself

86
Q

rule 6 tells us that

A

we must be a man of our own words

87
Q

7th rule

A

Everyone must understand the importance of time

88
Q

8th rule

A

We don’t have the same strengths but we can help one another

89
Q

9th highlights the

A

importance of trust and confidentiality

90
Q

10

A

All of us needs to be a model for everyone

91
Q

11

A

principle is about women

92
Q

12

A

Every action that any man do is important

93
Q

13

A

having the right character and good values

94
Q

last code of conduct shows the

A

desire of Emilio Aguinaldo

95
Q

which determines the rules of conduct in the Katipunan

A

primary governing document,

96
Q

the _ will also help us in understanding the values, ideals, aspirations, and even the ideology of the organization.

A

Kartilya

97
Q

The current relevance of the Kartilya lies in the fact that it established not only the rules for the members of the organization but the principles for the citizens of a nation _

A

once independence is achieved

98
Q

The imagination of the nation was mostly absent in the aspirations of the local revolts before Katipunan –

A

may iisang dalangin

99
Q

did not envision a total separation of the Philippines from Spain

A

propaganda movement led by the Ilustrados such Marcelo H. del Pilar, GracianoLopez Jaena and Jose Rizal

100
Q

They only demanded equal rights ,representation and protection from the abuses of the friars

A

propaganda movement led by the Ilustrados such Marcelo H. del Pilar, GracianoLopez Jaena and Jose Rizal

101
Q

President of the Supreme Council;

A

Andres Bonifacio

102
Q

faction emerged inside Katipunan

A

Magdalo and Magdiwang

103
Q

was held in order to reconcile the differences between the two factions of the Katipunan

A

Tejeros Convention

104
Q

, which viewed Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy as its leader

A

Magdalo

105
Q

, which gravitated towards Andres Bonifacio

A

Magdiwang

106
Q

the Tejeros Convention Outcome venue

A

Casa Hacienda – General Trias, Cavite (former San Francisco de Malabon, Tejeros)

107
Q

Emilio Aguinaldo:

A

146 / 256 votes

108
Q

Andres Bonifacio:

A

81 / 256 votes

109
Q

Mariano Trias:

A

29 / 256 votes

110
Q

ridiculed Bonifacio’s election as Director of Interior and said the position should be for someone who has a law background

A

Daniel Tirona

111
Q

This was seen as an _ by the others and Bonifacio was charged with refusing to recognize newly established Revolutionary Government.

A

act of treason /sedition

112
Q

– Bonifacio wrote a letter to Emilio Jacinto mentioning that he was cheated at the Tejeros Convention

A

April 24, 1897

113
Q

Aguinaldo was forced by advancing Spanish forces to retreat to the mountains of

A

Biak-na-Bato

114
Q

Aguinaldo, along with several revolutionaries, convened a citizen’s assembly in order to draft a provisional constitution for the Philippines, which has come to be known as the

A

Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

115
Q

In Hong Kong, Aguinaldo and his companions established a _, which worked toward continuing the revolution and gaining freedom from the Spaniards

A

Junta

116
Q

Philippine Independence was formally proclaimed on -, when Aguinaldo waved the flag in Kawit, Cavite ,and was declared dictator. There, thePhilippine National Anthem was also played for the first time

A

June 12, 1898

117
Q

The constitution provided for three branches of government

A

Executive, Legislature, Judiciary

118
Q

headed by the President and composed of department secretaries

A

Executive,

119
Q

, headed by a Prime Minister and composed of delegates from provinces of the Philippines;

A

Legislature,

120
Q

headed by the President of the Supreme Court and its Justices

A

Judiciary

121
Q
A

Second Semester (BSMT) (11 decks)

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