Terrorism

Question 1

Terrorist Groups

Answer 1

Violent Religious Groups / Doomsday Cults
Extremist Political Groups
Cyber Terrorist
Single-Issue Groups

Question 2

THREAT

Answer 2

Threat Suppression
Hemorrhage Control
Rapid Extrication to Safety
Assessment by Medical Providers
Transport to Definitive Care

Question 3

National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS)

Answer 3

Send alerts containing summary of threat and actions first responders, government, and public can take for safety.

Bulletin (take caution)
Elevated Alert (no details but something will happen)
Imminent Alert (details)

Question 4

Scene Safety: Terrorism

Answer 4

Wait for law enforcement to secure scene.
Do not enter if unsafe.
Do not allow vehicle blockage, have escape route.
Park upwind/uphill.

Question 5

B-NICE

Answer 5

Biological
Nuclear
Incendiary
Chemical
Explosive (most common)

Question 6

Chemical Agents

Answer 6

Vesicants (blister)

Respiratory Agents (chocking)

Nerve Agents

Metabolic Agents (cyanides)

Question 7

Vesicant

Answer 7

Signs:
- Blister
- Hoarseness / stridor
- Cough
- Hemoptysis
- Swollen/irritated eye

Treat: Decontaminate, PPE, treat burn

ex. mustard, lewisite, phosgene oxime

Question 8

Chocking Agents

Answer 8

Damage lung tissue

ex. chlorine, phosgene

Signs/ Sx:
- Coughing
- SOB
- Pulmonary Edema

Question 9

Nerve Agents

Answer 9

Impact NS.
ex. organophosphate

SLUDGEM/DUMBELLS
(Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/Drooling/Diarrhea, Gastric Upset, Emesis, Muscle Twitch)

(Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia/Bronchospasm/Bronchorrhea, Emesis, Lacrimation, Seizure/Salivation/Sweating)

Not for under 50 kg
Treat: Mark 1 Kit (standing order), atropine (paramedic)

Question 10

Biological Agents

Answer 10

Viruses (require living host)
ex. smallpox, hemorrhagic fever
Bacterium (do not require host)
ex. anthrax
Neurotoxin (most deadly, produced by plants/fungi)
ex. botulinum toxin

Question 11

Smallpox

Answer 11

30% mortality
Use HEPA-filtered respirator.
Vaccine linked to medical complications.
Eradicated 1979.
Highly contagious.

Question 12

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF)

Answer 12

Blood seek out of tissues/vessels.
Flu-like Sx progress to heavy bleeding internally and externally.

Question 13

Anthrax

Answer 13

Deadly bacterium dormant in spore.
Inhaled form most deadly, 90% mortality.
Treatment: antibiotics, vaccine, PPE.

Question 14

Plague

Answer 14

Bubonic affects lymphatic.
Pneumonic affects lungs.

Question 15

Botulinum Toxin

Answer 15

Most potent neurotoxin, produced by bacteria.
Causes paralysis of diaphragm and respiratory arrest.

Question 16

Ricin

Answer 16

Comes from castor beans.

Causes pulmonary edema, respiratory/circulatory failure.

Stable and very toxic.

Question 17

Nuclear / Radiological Agent

Answer 17

Alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, neutron rays.

Low: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizzy, headache.
Moderate: first degree burn, hair loss, compromised immune system, and cancer.
Severe: second/third degree burns

Treatment: ABCs, burns, trauma center

Question 18

Contamination v. Exposure

Answer 18

Exposure - dose of radiation
Contamination - being exposed

Question 19

Protection: Radiation

Answer 19

Time (limit exposure)
Distance (stay away from site)
Shielding (wear protective equipment -lead)

Question 20

Incendiary Device

Answer 20

Blast injuries caused.
Head trauma most common cause of death.

Primary: pressure wave
Secondary: flying debris
Tertiary: body thrown
Quaternary: other impacts from blast