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Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

contains everything in the cell.

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2
Q

Phospholipids

A

hydro- water philic- like Like water.

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3
Q

Lipid

A

fatty acid these can diffuse (move from high to low) across cell membranes

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4
Q

membrane proteins

A

gated channels on the membrane

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5
Q

carier proteins

A

bind and transport solutes across the cell membrane (active transport)

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6
Q

active transport

A

moves a substance against concentration gradient. moves a solute from (low) ->(high)

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7
Q

receptors

A

are the lock that needs a key (insulin is the key, to allow glucose to enter the cell) insulin binds to the receptor

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8
Q

facilitated transport

A

moving a solute (sugar for example) from a high to low concentration. glucose is large molecule, so it needs to be facilitated into the cell, where there is a low concentration of sugar there.

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9
Q

Gated ion channels

A

open and close at specific times

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10
Q

agonist

A

triggers the response of a cell (receptor)

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11
Q

antagonist

A

halts the response of a cell (receptor)

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12
Q

cell identifier

A

tells cells who they are, as self or non-self (good guy or bad guy)

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13
Q

cytoplasm

A

surrounds and supports all the cell organelles.

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14
Q

cytoskeleton

A

the matrix that give the cell its support the “skeleton” of the cell

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15
Q

organnells

A

all suspend in the cell, think of our own organs, all all serve a different function

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16
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

the transporter (moves things through the cytoplasm.)

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17
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum ER

A

contains the ribosomes where protein is synthesized (produced)

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18
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum ER

A

site that steroid are synthesized (produced)

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19
Q

mitocondria

A

the power house (converts food into energy, ATP.) Krebs Cycle, cellular respiration

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20
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

This is the packing plant. Its where the cell will package proteins give it a final touches on protein

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21
Q

Ribosomes

A

site that the synthesis of protein is (rough ER)

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22
Q

Lysosomes

A

the digestive plant of the cell (where all the waist within the cell is handled)

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23
Q

centrioles

A

help separate the chromosomes during mitosis

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24
Q

Nucleus

A

holds all the important information (the computer of the cell) has the DNA.

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25
what are the functions of a cell?
* movement (muscle, myocyts) * metabolic absorption (kindneys and intestinal cells) * respiration (all cells, creating engergy) * reproduction (most cells) * secretion (mucous gland cells) * excretion (all cells) * conductivity (nerve cells)
26
endocrine signalling
when the cells respond to hormones
27
paracine signaling
when the cells send a chemicle signal to the surrounding cells
28
autocine signaling
when the cell sends a message to itself.
29
juxtacrine signaling
when the cell sends a message the cells immediately adjacent to it. Juxta- next to
30
synaptic signaling
neurotransmitter synaps - nerve ending
31
Atrophy
A- without Trophy- growth
32
Hypertrophy
Hyper- above Trophy- growth increases in size and demands more glucose and O2 to function. it should revert back after muscle demand is done (think working out)
33
hyperplasia
hyper- above plasia- multiply increase in the number of specific type of cell
34
dysplasia
dys- difficult plasia- multiply
35
Metaplasia
Meta- "comprehesive lacking" Plasia- multiplying transformation of one type of mature cell into another type of mature cell
36
how can chemicals harm cells
37
how do infections change cells
Bacteria- too big for the cell, triggers inflammatory resonse
38
what area of the bone are cells made?
the marrow
39
what bones are the primary cell producers
pelvis scapula sternum
40
eythrocytes
red blood cells
41
leukocystes
white blood cell
42
anemia
Anemia results from a lack of red blood cells
43
polycythemia
poly- too many is a type of blood cancer. It causes your bone marrow to make too many red blood cells
44
platelets
45
aggregation
46
What are receptors?
They signal specific action.
47
Baro Receptors
The see the pressure changes - kidneys - carotid
48
Chemo Receptors
- see the change in the chemical imbalance in the body.
49
osmoreceptors
senses the change in osmolarity in the body. -Triggers Thirst
50
Beta 1
- this is what will make the heart go faster. But it really effects the: - inotropic - dronotropic - chronotropic effects of the heart
51
Beta 2
- This is a smooth muscle dialator. - Vasodialates There are B2 sites in the lungs. Not really anywhere else. Opens lungs
52
Alpha 1
- This is a vasoconstricter Smooth muscle constricter Found in our arteries and veins _most._
53
Alpha 2
This is in our centroneurogenic (Brain) -when it is stimulated by Epi, it tells the adrinal gland to stop producing epi (negative feed back loop). The adrenal glad will continue, IF it gets another signal from the synaps that is firing from the sympothetic nervous system.
54
catecholamines
a group of chemical that is released during Sympathetic reaction: - Epinephrine (adrenaline) - Dopamine - Norephinephrine
55
acetylcholine
- slows the heart (the parasympathetic response) - have on AV and SA node, no effect on the ventricles
56
what is natrium?
Sodium (NA+)
57
What is Kelemia
Potassium (K)
58
Normal Levels for acid bases?
7.35-7.45 Going down in number is acidotic going up in number is alkolinic
59
Normal Levels of PaCO2
35-45 Think of you Capno readings
60
Normal levels of PaO2?
There is no max This is why O2 can be dangerous to our stroke and MI pts. The O2 will start to change chemicle compounds in the tissue and create free radicals.
61
What will cause metibolic acidosis?
Shock
62
How does Bicarb work on acids?
Bicard is an alkolitic chemicle and will healp weaken the acid
63
How does a protein buffer work for acidic pts?
carboxyhemoglobin travels to the lungs, makes carbonic acid, dissociates to CO2 and H2O and we breath it off.
64
what is ADH
Antidiaretic Hormone STOPS YOU FROM PEEING -Alcohol will activate the release of ADH, so rather than holding onto water, you pee it out.
65
Sodium Levels
135-145 Role is for neuro transmitter
66
Potassium
3.5-5.5 Roles is for the function and contraction of heart muscle
67
Calcium
4.5-5.5 For the strength and forceability
68
Magnesium
1.8-2.4
69
What ETCO value equals death?
\<10mm
70
Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
Spontaneous return of ETC02 30 mm HG means return of spontaneous pulse. Need to get the patient ventilated.
71
3 3 2 Rule (airway management)
Three fingers in mouth, three finger on neck, 2 finger between posterior neck and cricoid cartilage. Helps tell you if their mouth is big enough to open, they have enough room to move their tounge out of the way, and that they have a long enough neck to see the chords
72
vallecula
the depression of pocket between the base of the tongue and epiglottis.
73

Fundamentals (8 decks)

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